Grassroots Sustainability in a Concrete Landscape

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Christina Ergas

The second chapter explores the urban ecovillage in the United States, the first example of radical sustainability and autonomous development. Through insights gleaned from field research, the chapter presents the challenges ecovillagers face attempting sustainable living in a neoliberal context. It examines the cultural conflicts between sustainability culture and consumer culture as well as the exclusive, upper-class, white nature of the local food movement in the United States. Monetary and time constraints associated with growing local organic food has largely turned it into an elite phenomenon, such that it is relegated to those with disposable income, luxury of time, and education. In fact, urban gardening is often cited as a first step to gentrification in urban communities. However, ecovillagers engage in communitarian sustainability innovations that are egalitarian, elegant, and low cost. Thus, they maintain a small ecological footprint while attending to the mental, physical, and spiritual needs of their human and nonhuman community members.

SURG Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Marc Hebert

The decision to purchase local food is fast growing into a popular movement across North America. This research paper reviews the literature that examined the various consumer behaviour factors surrounding the local food movement, as well as the suggested possible benefits. This research also provides insights gained from in-depth interviews with local food community members to understand the unique characteristics of the local food movement within the author’s own community. Finally, suggestions for further research are laid out, indicating considerations required for the replication of studies completed across the United States and London, England.


1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onker N. Basu

In accounting research, the role of organizational leaders has been underrepresented. The limited research dealing with leadership issues has focused on the impact of leadership on micro activities such as performance evaluation, budget satisfaction, and audit team performance. The impact of leadership on the structure of accounting and audit systems and organizations has been ignored. This paper focuses on the impact that past Comptrollers General have had on the working and structure of one federal audit agency, the United States General Accounting Office (GAO). In addition, it also focuses on the influence of the two most recent Comptrollers General on one important audit related activity, i.e., the audit report review process. Using qualitative field research methods, this paper documents how the organizational leadership impacts its long-term audit practices and thereby influences auditing, especially in the public sector.


Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Gerber ◽  
Janesse Brewer ◽  
Rupali J. Limaye ◽  
Andrea Sutherland ◽  
Gail Geller ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (26) ◽  
pp. E5021-E5023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Z. Jacobson ◽  
Mark A. Delucchi ◽  
Mary A. Cameron ◽  
Bethany A. Frew

Author(s):  
Micheal L. Shier ◽  
Lindsey McDougle ◽  
Femida Handy

ABSTRACT   The literature suggests that nonprofit organizations provide civic benefits by promoting engagement within local communities. However, there exists minimal empirical evidence describing the ways in which nonprofits actually undertake this role. In order to address this omission, we conducted interviews with personnel of nonprofit organizations in one rural community in the United States. Our preliminary findings indicate that nonprofit organizations promote civic engagement through programs and activities that: 1) engage volunteers and donors; 2) bring community members together; 3) collaborate with organizations within and beyond the community; and 4) promote community education and awareness. Together, these findings help to develop a working model to understand the civic footprint of nonprofit organizations with methodological implications for future research that would seek to measure the extent to which nonprofits promote civic engagement. Il est normal de supposer que les associations à but non lucratif favorisent l’engagement du citoyen dans les communautés locales. Cependant, il existe peu de données empiriques sur la manière dont ces associations assument véritablement ce rôle. Pour combler ce manque, nous avons mené des entretiens semi-directifs approfondis auprès du personnel d’associations à but non lucratif dans une petite communauté rurale aux États-Unis. Nos résultats préliminaires indiquent que ces associations motivent les citoyens à s’impliquer quand elles offrent des programmes et des activités qui : 1) intéressent les bénévoles et les donateurs; 2) rassemblent directement ou indirectement les membres de la communauté; 3) collaborent avec d’autres associations tant au sein de la communauté qu’au-delà de celle-ci; et 4) encouragent l’éducation et la conscientisation communautaires. Ces constats aident à établir un modèle pour mieux comprendre la présence civique des associations à but non lucratif dans les communautés et indiquent une piste à suivre pour des recherches futures qui examineraient l’influence de ces associations sur le niveau de participation civique.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Edmunds ◽  
Mauricio J Bustamante ◽  
Samuel J Raymond ◽  
David B Camarillo ◽  
David K Piech ◽  
...  

COVID-19 has become a significant burden on the healthcare systems in the United States and around the world, with many patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) to survive. Close monitoring of patients is critical, with total volume per breath (tidal volume) being one of the most important data points. However, ventilators are complex and expensive devices, typically in the range of tens of thousands of US dollars, and are challenging to manufacture, typically requiring months. Solutions which could augment the ventilator supply rapidly and at low cost in the United States and elsewhere would be valuable. In this paper, we present a standalone tidal volume measurement system consisting of a D-Lite spirometer, pressure sensor, microcontroller, and tubing with a cost of parts less than $50 USD. We also provide a model to predict the error in tidal volume measurements based on the pressure sensor used and the flow during ventilation. We validate this system and show that the tidal volume accuracy for flows above 10L/min was within 10%. We envision this system being used to increase the ventilator supply in resource-constrained settings.


Author(s):  
Ken R. Tefertiller

Agriculture is one of the Nation’s most efficient industries. The cost of living for the average consumer would be considerably higher today without the low cost of food supplied by United States agriculture. This is particularly significant at a time when we hear so much about poverty in the United States and in other countries. Had it not been for the extremely low costs of food, there would be many more poverty stricken families today. Paper published with permission.


Author(s):  
Harumi Bando ◽  
Mayumi Mizutani

The Positive Deviance (PD) approach believes that in every community there exist individuals or groups, who without any extra resources, practice uncommon behaviors that offer better solutions to addressing problems in a community. PD is a community-driven change approach that encourages community members to discover their own assets, strengths, and wisdom to solve a local problem. The purpose of this activity report is to describe the lessons we learned about PD during a visit with pioneering global researchers and practitioners of positive deviance in the United States in September, 2018. Our key learning included: discovering “uncommon” behaviors which are already practiced by community members, and are thus actionable and more acceptable to community members; investigating positive deviants at many levels i.e., among health providers, community leaders, and the ordinary population; and the importance of designing, from the very beginning, a project that invites and engages all community members who through ownership can sustain impact.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sigit S. Nugroho

Assessing the output of past foreign policy is instrumental for any country to learn policy-relevant insights, to appreciate its experience, and to improve its future conduct. To glean such insights, this article borrows Baldwin’s framework in assessing the success and failure in foreign policy. Using a case study analysis, it assesses the United States’ (U.S.) influence attempt towards Indonesia to resolve the 1999 East Timor humanitarian crisis. President Clinton’s decision to undergo an influence attempt primarily aimed to change Indonesia’s policy while gaining support from U.S. allies in the process. The article finds that Clinton’s decision was a highly successful attempt. This finding is based on several factors: (1) the attempt effectively attained the intended primary and secondary goals at a considerably high degree; (2) it was conducted at a considerably low cost for the U.S.; (3) it inflicted a high cost towards Indonesia; (4) the increase in Clinton’s stake strengthened the U.S. resolve to pursue the influence attempt; and (5) Clinton had successfully overcome the difficult undertaking as Indonesia possessed higher stake over East Timor. These findings provide some lessons for both U.S. and Indonesian foreign policymakers to chart future relations for the two nations.


2018 ◽  
pp. 666-670
Author(s):  
Olha Bohomolets

The article studies the history and the current stage of Russia’s aggression to-wards countries with lower military potential. The collapse of the post-war system of international relations and collective security has become apparent: the aggression of Russia against Moldova, Georgia and Ukraine has testified to the fact that there are no longer any tools to protect countries subjected to discrimination from super powers. Today discrimination affects not only people or social groups, but also some countries. Such countries are not capable of pursuing an independent policy as to major centres of international power they have to deal with. Peculiar to these countries are uncompetitive economy, low quality of life and undeveloped civil society, they hence become a target for “vital interests”, namely bidding by so-called super powers. “Giants” are attracted by the geographical location of a possible “victim”, access to the sea, transit facilities, natural resources, especially energy, low-cost labour, etc. It is often that “discriminated” countries become grounds for ignition of burning or frozen conflicts provoked by powerful neighbours’ influence, or are exposed to open aggression and become subject to occupation or hybrid war. This has all started after the Second World War, when super powers of the USSR and China, on the one hand, and the United States, Great Britain, Australia, and others, on the other, have made Korea fall into two states. In addition, there was subsequently a division of Germany, the Caribbean crisis…However, such conflicts then were not that wide-ranging, since the post-war collective security system was quite effective. Things, though, have changed dramatically in recent decades. One of the largest global players − Russia – has decisively begun to create around itself a buffer zone formed of countries, where it fuels frozen conflicts and in such a way keeps them under the radar and hinders their integration into the Western world. Initially, Russia ignited a conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, supporting Armenia and assisting it to invade a considerable part of the territory in Azerbaijan, and then initiated the war in Transnistria by virtually occupying part of Moldova’s territory and asserting itself there on the pretext of deploying a peacekeeping mission. Later, there was a war in Abkhazia and then − in South Ossetia aiming to detach part of Georgia’s territory. And lastly, the turn of Ukraine has come… Regrettably, Ukraine is a typical and another example of a country that has fallen victim of multifaceted interests of the leading global players − Russia, the United States and the EU, and has faced all possible forms of discrimination. Keywords: war in eastern Ukraine, military aggression, geopolitics, conflicts, buffer zones.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document