influence of shopping motives and store attributes on purchasing decisions at matahari department store karawang

This study aims to determine how much influence the shopping motives and store attributes on purchasing decisions at Matahari Department Store Karawang. The method used in this research is descriptive and verification. In this study, there are independent variables and dependent variables. Independent variables are variables that influence or cause the change or the emergence of the dependent variable. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is the variable that is influenced or becomes the result, because of the independent variables (Sugiyono, Quantitative Qualitative Research Methods and R & D, 2012, p. 39). The independent variables in this study are shopping motives and shop attributes, while the dependent variable is the purchase decision. In this study, the population is the number of consumers who have made purchases at Matahari Department Store Karawang for 1 month. The average number of consumers per week is 10,000 people. So to find out the number of consumers for 1 month by adding up the average consumer per week / 7 x 30. (10,000 / 7) X 30, thus the results obtained are 42,857.

PROBLEMS OF RESPONSIBLE SELF-MEDICATION OF ALLERGY SYMPTOMS AND FARMACEUTICAL COUNSELING

Cure of allergy symptoms reported by a patient with the help of non-prescription antiallergic drugs, is one of the important aspects of a responsible self-medication.The aim of the study is to assess the peculiarities of consumers’ behavior as pharmacy visitors, when choosing non-prescription antiallergic drugs, and to identify potential problems of pharmaceutical counseling for allergy symptoms regarding the responsible self-medication.Materials and methods. Sociological survey in the form of a questionnaire; graphoanalytical and comparative analyses.Results. The profile of an over-the-counter antiallergic drugs buyer in the pharmacies of Kazan was assessed in the following way: it is a woman aged 18–44 of a middle level of income, having a family of 3–4 people, ready to spend from 101 to 500 rubles on the purchase of antiallergic drugs, buying anti-allergic drugs not for the first time. The main reasons to seek for treatment were skin rash, redness and itching, which had also been observed in the past. The allergic nature of the disease had already been confirmed by the doctor. For the average consumer of over-the-counter antiallergic drugs, the most important criteria for choosing a medicine were: efficiency, safety, the doctor’s recommendations and price. The medicines were purchased for the visitors themselves or their children. The customers were satisfied with the choice of non-prescription antiallergic medicines available in the pharmacy. The visitors generally trusted the pharmacists’ advice and recognized them as health professionals, but considered that the main goal was not only to provide a pharmaceutical care, but also to profit from the sale of the drugs. The following flaws of pharmaceutical counseling when dispensing non-prescription antiallergic drugs, were identified: an improper diagnosis by a pharmaceutical specialist, the lack of recommendations to consult a doctor, incomplete provision of information on the use, storage, and the possibility of interaction with other drugs and food.Conclusion. Misdiagnosis and incomplete provision of information by pharmaceutical specialists on antiallergic the drugs that are approved for the over-the-counter dispensing, require the implementation of a pharmaceutical consultation algorithm for the visitors contacting a pharmacy with allergy symptoms.

Influence of the level of the population purchasing power onto development of the public food market in Russia

The article discusses the current state of the public food market in Russia, in particular, the turnover of the public food market and the number of facilities in it. The main factors are analyzed that influence onto the turnover of the public food market Those are the average per capita cash incomes of the population, consumer price indices, and the average consumer spending per capita. The authors performed the correlation and regression analysis of influence of various factors onto the level of public food market turnover in the Sverdlovsk Region. Based on the analysis, the linear and non-linear models were constructed. The corresponding forecast was made a forecast for the period 2020–2022. The main trends are identified in the public food market in Russia.

'Clothes' The Loop: Raising Awareness of Sustainable Fashion Among Millennial Consumers Through Digital Platforms

The average consumer is not aware of the implications regarding the externalized cost of cheap clothing and overconsumption, which attributes to the growing need for sustainable fashion. The adverse effects within the fashion supply chain and substantial increase in consumption levels have led to the sustainability movement. Sustainability leaders in the fashion industry provide a wealth of information, but easily accessible forms of this information about fashion are not available to consumers. To elicit change, buy-in from consumers is paramount. Millennials are the chosen target market for this study due to their large purchasing power. This study will educate Millennial consumers about the power of sustainability through the development of an ecommerce mobile application prototype. The mobile application Loop will become the user’s guide, via an accessible mobile interface, for sustainable apparel purchases. It will also provide the necessary brand research that will bridge the consumer gap in a simple, easily consumable output.

Adresat reklamy żywności. Wybrane problemy prawne

The aim of the considerations is to answer the question whether the existing legal regulations correctly identify and take into account the diversity of addressees of food advertising. The authoress concludes, among other things, that the current legal regulations do not identify or sufficiently differentiate the addressees of food advertising. The notion of “final consumer” from Regulation 178/2002 allows to cover both persons buying food and persons consuming food, which is crucial in the context of food law objectives. However, the protection of the consumer by information excludes from this group those who lack a sufficient level of awareness and mental maturity. The model of an average consumer developed by the CJEU also does not support correct identification of the addressee of food advertising. Therefore, it should be postulated to "differentiate the food consumer model" by constructing a more flexible definition of the final consumer or even a definition of the addressee of food advertising.

The Fairy Tale of the Average Consumer: Why We Should Not Rely on the Real Consumer When Assessing the Likelihood of Confusion

The present article considers whether the confusion analysis in trademark law is at risk of being used strategically as a self-servicing mechanism by the industry to obtain trademark rights to descriptive, cultural and non-traditional signs. In this context, two features of the trademark system are particularly worrisome. First, trademark owners can strengthen the distinctive character of their marks by investing in marketing and branding campaigns. Second, trademark owners can afford expensive surveys demonstrating the high distinctiveness of their marks and strengthening their position in an infringement case. A study of 189 Dutch cases reveals that in the likelihood-of-confusion assessment, the degree of a mark’s distinctiveness and corresponding empirical findings can have a deep impact. However, the study also shows that descriptive, cultural and non-traditional signs were not often disputed. In practice, the risk of misappropriating these signs might therefore be limited. In some cases, however, trademark owners did succeed in achieving a broad scope of protection regarding descriptive, cultural and non-traditional signs. Therefore, national courts should have more room to make normative corrections in favour of freedom-of-competition interests. This would allow judges to prevent trademark owners from achieving unjustified economic advantages flowing from these signs.

Salmon Monopolized: Impact of the Norwegian Fish Cartel on the Russian Consumer Market

This paper is an analysis of the Norwegian fish cartel in Russia that existed from 2011 to 2013 and its impact on the average consumer prices on salmon on the Russian market during the same period. The analysis involves applying two methods - “before-and-after” and “difference-in-differences”. From an economics standpoint, the analysis of the decision made by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia regarding the Norwegian fish cartel is interesting, because the verdict was overturned by the supreme court of Moscow. The study shows that there were no negative effects on the Russian consumer market in association with the case №1 11/109-12, which points to the lack of economic evidence behind the verdict put forward by FAS.