Organizing the Organizational Memory

Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop

This chapter concerns ‘organizing the organizational memory’, that is, the fundamental processes, practices, and procedures required to enable cold case reviews to take place. The advances in DNA profiling techniques and technologies have created a growth of opportunities for reviewing cold cases, and in this chapter it will become clear how this investigative potential has created new problems requiring the development of a system of working before a review can take place, suggesting the need to look forward and back in the review process. What emerges is a process of ‘back engineering’ and forward planning, a collection of routine activities centred on finding opportunities to identify and connect suspects to the unsolved crimes revealing the realities of such work, which is often mundane, far from the gloss and glamour depicted by media representations. The challenges to achieving a successful detection are also laid out.

Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop

This chapter begins to present findings from the in-depth research conducted with one cold case review team. Here we will see the reliance on DNA in cold case review work, and of equal importance how detective skills are required to capitalize on the opportunities advances in DNA profiling techniques can bring to cold cases. The Major Crime Review Team at the centre of this study will be introduced and the cold case review processes followed by the team will be explained, noting the generic review processes and commonalties of approach, as well as noting any variations in approach depending on the nature of the case being reviewed.


Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop

This chapter charts the development of interest among the police service for reviewing cold cases, considering how the key processes and systems for reviewing cold cases have emerged and evolved. What becomes clear is that from a police service initially disinterested in expending time and resources on reviewing historic crimes on a regular basis, the appetite for doing so has grown, as review teams began to conduct them far more systematically. A brief overview of the development of review policies more generally is set out, before going on to document how three police areas piloted the concept of reviewing cold case stranger rapes using new DNA profiling techniques. After that, Operation Advance will be introduced, before turning to Operation Stealth, a national cold case review operation focused on detecting unsolved murders.


Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop

This chapter provides a brief history of developments in genetic profiling, noting the advances in profiling techniques from the initial discovery by Sir Alec Jeffreys of what was then termed DNA ‘fingerprinting’ through to familial searching (that is, the ability to search the NDNAD for the DNA profile of potential close relatives of a suspect when the suspect’s DNA is not on the NDNAD). An overview of what DNA is, noting how individuals are identified and differentiated from each other, is explained in order to demonstrate how these progressive advances have benefited cold case reviews.


Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop

This chapter introduces the reader to cold case investigations and sets out the key concepts that will be explored in the book, including an explanation of what constitutes a cold case and a cold case review. It outlines the crimes most likely to be the subject of a cold case review, namely murder and ‘stranger rape’. There is also a brief introduction to the role of DNA in these reviews, as advanced DNA profiling techniques and methods of amplifying minute amounts of biological material have led to the opening of new lines of enquiry in cold cases. The introduction of the National DNA Database (NDNAD) has also been instrumental to the success of cold case reviews, especially in sexually motivated offences.


Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop

Investigating Cold Cases: DNA, Detective Work, and Unsolved Major Crimes, analyses how long-term unsolved murders and unsolved stranger rapes are investigated years after the crimes were committed. The book examines how and why cold case investigations have become an established component of police investigative practice, the role of specialist expertise used, in particular DNA profiling techniques and technologies, and the investigative skills required to finally detect cold cases. The book is based on original fieldwork with one major crime review team as they investigated cold case murders and cold case stranger rapes, interviews with a variety of experts involved in cold case investigations, and analysis of police case files. Above all else, the book will examine the reliance on advances in DNA profiling techniques, to identify previously unknown offenders and suggests that alongside these technological advances it is traditional detective skills that are also necessary to finally detect these crimes.


1992 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gill ◽  
S. Woodroffe ◽  
W. Bär ◽  
B. Brinkmann ◽  
A. Carracedo ◽  
...  

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Morell ◽  
R Peakall ◽  
R Appels ◽  
LR Preston ◽  
HL Lloyd

The unambiguous identification of plant varieties is important in many areas of agriculture and plant biology research. New techniques based on DNA profiling provide novel approaches to varietal identification which offer advantages over traditional morphological comparisons. These advantages include great potential resolving power, data that can be analysed objectively, testing at all stages of development, and cost effectiveness. In this review, the advantages of recently introduced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods are compared with the well-established restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Two approaches to PCR-based DNA profiling (random amplification of polymorphic DNA, sequence-tagged sites analysis) are compared and contrasted, and statistical methods for the analysis of data are described. The potential use of these techniques for Plant Breeders Rights registration in Australia is outlined.


Author(s):  
Arnen Pasaribu ◽  
Lollie Agustina P. Putri

Proses pemuliaan tanaman merupakan langkah awal dalam mendapatkan varietas unggul tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengamatan terhadap variasi genetik perlu dilakukan untuk menyusun program pemuliaan tanaman. Teknik DNA profiling dapat dilakukan untuk mendeteksi variasi genetik ditingkat molekuler. Tujuan penelitan adalah untuk mendapatkan keragaman molekuler berdasarkan marka RAPD. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati persentase filogenetik analysis dan PCOA analysis. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi membentuk tiga kluster dan berdasarkan analisis PCoA menunjukkan tingkat keragaman molekuler sebesar 43.65%. The plant breeding process is the first step in getting superior varieties of oil palm plants. Observation of genetic variation needs to be done to develop a plant breeding program. DNA profiling techniques can be carried out to detect genetic variations at the molecular level. The aim of the research to obtain molecular diversity based on RAPD markers. The research method was carried out by observing the percentage of phylogenetic analysis and PCOA analysis. The results showed that the population formed three clusters and based on PCOA analysis showed a level of molecular diversity of 43.65%.


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