Attrition of Police Officers With Immigrant Background

Recruiting police officers with immigrant backgrounds has a limited effect if many of these recruits leave the police service. The dropout and attrition rates among officers with immigrant backgrounds are also an important indicator of the challenges this group faces when joining the police profession. We investigated police education dropout patterns and attrition rates among police students and officers with immigrant backgrounds. Our study is based on detailed longitudinal data with total coverage of the population, which were previously unavailable for police career studies. Using logistic regression and coarsened exact matching, we analysed administrative registry data covering all individuals admitted to the Norwegian police university college (1995–2010, N = 6570) and all police-educated staff employed in the Norwegian police (1995–2014, N = 7001). Students and police officers with non-Western immigrant backgrounds have a greater tendency to both dropout of education and leave the police service. Prior academic performance can only partly explain these higher educational dropout rates. Female and males with non-Western immigrant backgrounds have similar dropout patterns. Our results provide a rationale for developing policy aimed at not only recruiting, but also retaining police officers with immigrant backgrounds.

Gender equity approach to policing in Kenya: Lessons, challenges and prospects

Despite ample evidence of women's value, ensuring gender equity–equality is a major challenge for police departments worldwide. Using survey data gathered from a sample of 455 male and female police officers in the Kenya Police Service, this study examines the non-western plights of women in policing and describes a theory change to formulate gender-equity strategies for improved recruitment and retention of women in police service. Findings indicate that women officers can undertake most tasks better than or to the same degree as men, except for a small proportion of line duties, mirroring the literature on women in policing internationally. However, family commitments, an emphasis on physical strength for promotion, performance based on male standards, and male supervisors’ attitudes present severe challenges for women in the police service, reflecting the organizational climate and prevailing cultural norms. Implications for theory, policy and research are discussed.

The Impact of the “Not Now, Not Ever” Recommendations on Police-Reported Domestic Violence in Queensland, Australia

In 2014, a taskforce was assembled to address increasing rates of domestic violence in Queensland, Australia. The Not Now, Not Ever report outlines a strategy to address domestic violence through 121 recommendations. This plan for reform resulted in a series of changes, particularly for agencies such as the Queensland Police Service (QPS). This study examines the impact of the recommendations on police-recorded domestic violence incidents in the state. Findings indicate that the changes resulted in an initial significant increase, followed by a significant decreasing trend in police-recorded incidents. However, this impact is not experienced equally across regions and districts.

Relationship marketing and the profile of the policewoman as an institutional image of the police service in Ecuador.

The article shows how relationship marketing and the profile of policewomen affect the institutional image of the police service in Ecuador, for which a qualitative methodology is used with a descriptive and correlational level of research, based on a bibliographic and field study. Tools and techniques applied to the community and to policewomen are also used; whose results explain that there is better performance, generate greater confidence and security; in the self-criticism made by the police servants, they state that they feel capable of acting, working efficiently in all cases. Its preparation is daily so there is a commitment to serve and protect; her work is praised by the community, which makes the policewoman an excellent option to position the police image thatis currently worn out. These results were contrasted with the hypothesis test in which a Pearson X2 of 8,549 was obtained, which allows us to conclude that relationship marketing and the profile of the policewoman do contribute to the institutional image of the police service in Ecuador. Keywords: marketing, relationship marketing, policewoman, institutional image. References [1]P. Tobar, «Marketing de relaciones como estrategia de diferenciación en la satisfacción del cliente: caso de estudio en el sector universitario,» Digital Publisher, 3 Mayo 2021. [2]M. Luna and R. Ortiz, «Aplicación del Marketing relacional para fidelización de clientes corporativos en servicio de telefonía móvil CNT EP.,» Universidad deGuayaquil, 2018. [3]M. Rivera, «La evolución de estrategoas de marketing en el entorno digital: Implicaciones jurídicas,» Universidad Carlos III de MAdrid, 2015. [4]L. Sihua, «Imagen corporativa y marketing relacional de la empresa Pieriplast SAC, distrito San Juan de Lurigancho, 2018,» Unversidad Cesar Vallejo, 2019. [5]E. Guadarrama and E. Rosales, «Marketing relacional: Valor, satisfacción, lealtad y retención del cliente. Análisis y reflexión teórica,» Ciencia y Sociedad, 2015. [6]M. Noblecilla and M. Granados, «El marketing y su aplicación en diferentes areas del conocimiento,» Editorial UTMach, 2017. [7]R. Bravo, J. Matute and J. M. Pina, «Efectos de la imagen corporativa en el comportamiento del consumidor. Un estudio aplicado a la banca comercial,» vol. 21, 2021. [8]J. Saltos, W. Jiménez and E. Jimémex, «La imagen de marca como vector de posicionamiento en PYMES: caso sector calzado de la provincia de Tungurahua,»2016. [9]E. Ramos, «Gestión de imagen corporativa como estrategia de sostenibilidad: camino al cambio empresarial, » Revista Universidad y Sociedad, 2020. [10]A. Sevilla, «Policia Comunitaria,» Programa para la convivencia ciudadana, 2015. [11]E. Cobler, «El trabajo de la mujer policía,» Revista Catalana De Seguretat Pública, p. 106, 2012. [12]E. Cumbicos, «Imagen Institucional De La Policía Metropolitana De Quito En Redes Sociales,» Universidad Central del Ecuador, 2017.

Re-assessing measurement error in police calls for service: Classifications of events by dispatchers and officers

Police calls for service are an important conduit by which officers and researchers can obtain insight into public requests for police service. Questions remain, however, about the quality of these data, and, particularly, the prevalence of measurement error in the classifications of events. As part of the present research, we assess the accuracy of call-types used by police dispatchers to describe events that are responded to by police officers. Drawing upon a sample of 515,155 calls for police service, we explore the differences among initial call-types, cleared call-types, and crime-types as documented in crime reports. Our analyses reveal that although the majority of calls for service exhibit overlap in their classifications, many still exhibit evidence of misclassification. Our analyses also reveal that such patterns vary as a function of call- and crime-type categories. We discuss our findings in light of the challenges of the classification process and the associated implications.

From special powers to legislating the lockdown: the Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2020

The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2020 were made through temporarily inserted provisions by Westminster’s vast and rushed Coronavirus Act 2020. This itself limits duties to notify deaths to the coroner, despite Article 2 European Convention on Human Rights duties being particularly relevant to deaths in care homes and of frontline workers. The regularly amended March 2020 Northern Ireland regulations have themselves raised ‘legal certainty’ issues. Until June, official websites carried no accessible information as to their scope. Initial concerns on lack of clarity over matters such as driving for exercise gave way to greater controversy regarding the application of the regulations to the Black Lives Matter protests on 6 June 2020 through Police Service of Northern Ireland powers that had only been extended through an eleventh hour amendment the night before. The enforcement powers themselves are so widely drafted that they are reminiscent of the Special Powers Acts of the past. These issues are explored in this article.