Setting the Scene

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cold Case

This chapter introduces the reader to cold case investigations and sets out the key concepts that will be explored in the book, including an explanation of what constitutes a cold case and a cold case review. It outlines the crimes most likely to be the subject of a cold case review, namely murder and ‘stranger rape’. There is also a brief introduction to the role of DNA in these reviews, as advanced DNA profiling techniques and methods of amplifying minute amounts of biological material have led to the opening of new lines of enquiry in cold cases. The introduction of the National DNA Database (NDNAD) has also been instrumental to the success of cold case reviews, especially in sexually motivated offences.

The Major Crime Review Team

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Review Team ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Cold Case

This chapter begins to present findings from the in-depth research conducted with one cold case review team. Here we will see the reliance on DNA in cold case review work, and of equal importance how detective skills are required to capitalize on the opportunities advances in DNA profiling techniques can bring to cold cases. The Major Crime Review Team at the centre of this study will be introduced and the cold case review processes followed by the team will be explained, noting the generic review processes and commonalties of approach, as well as noting any variations in approach depending on the nature of the case being reviewed.

The Development of Cold Case Reviews

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Police Service ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Cold Case

This chapter charts the development of interest among the police service for reviewing cold cases, considering how the key processes and systems for reviewing cold cases have emerged and evolved. What becomes clear is that from a police service initially disinterested in expending time and resources on reviewing historic crimes on a regular basis, the appetite for doing so has grown, as review teams began to conduct them far more systematically. A brief overview of the development of review policies more generally is set out, before going on to document how three police areas piloted the concept of reviewing cold case stranger rapes using new DNA profiling techniques. After that, Operation Advance will be introduced, before turning to Operation Stealth, a national cold case review operation focused on detecting unsolved murders.

Cold Case Reviews

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Review Team ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Cold Case

Investigating Cold Cases: DNA, Detective Work, and Unsolved Major Crimes, analyses how long-term unsolved murders and unsolved stranger rapes are investigated years after the crimes were committed. The book examines how and why cold case investigations have become an established component of police investigative practice, the role of specialist expertise used, in particular DNA profiling techniques and technologies, and the investigative skills required to finally detect cold cases. The book is based on original fieldwork with one major crime review team as they investigated cold case murders and cold case stranger rapes, interviews with a variety of experts involved in cold case investigations, and analysis of police case files. Above all else, the book will examine the reliance on advances in DNA profiling techniques, to identify previously unknown offenders and suggests that alongside these technological advances it is traditional detective skills that are also necessary to finally detect these crimes.

Organizing the Organizational Memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Organizational Memory ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Cold Case

This chapter concerns ‘organizing the organizational memory’, that is, the fundamental processes, practices, and procedures required to enable cold case reviews to take place. The advances in DNA profiling techniques and technologies have created a growth of opportunities for reviewing cold cases, and in this chapter it will become clear how this investigative potential has created new problems requiring the development of a system of working before a review can take place, suggesting the need to look forward and back in the review process. What emerges is a process of ‘back engineering’ and forward planning, a collection of routine activities centred on finding opportunities to identify and connect suspects to the unsolved crimes revealing the realities of such work, which is often mundane, far from the gloss and glamour depicted by media representations. The challenges to achieving a successful detection are also laid out.

scholarly journals English proverbs as explicators of coordinate phrases with the adversative conjunction but and the cumulative conjunction and

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Komlyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Syntactic Function ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
New Look

This article is an attempt to a new look at the role of coordinate phrases in communication. The object of the research is English proverbs as representations of coordinate syntactic connection and the subject is coordinate phrases that are realized in them. The article presents a brief history of the study of coordinate phrases in English. The author made a comparative analysis of the views of domestic and foreign linguists on the problem of distinguishing coordinate phrases in the language. She distinguishes such differential signs of coordinate phrases in English: the equality of components, the uniformity of the syntactic function of all components, the integrity of the structure, the implementation of the connection between components with the help of coordinate conjunctions, the order of words and intonations. The expression of coordinate phrases with the adversative conjunction but and cumulative conjunction and in English proverbs was studied. Their semantic space and formal-grammatical features also were analyzed. The author revealed about 12 specific realizations of the semantic volume of coordinate phrases with the cumulative conjunction and 5 variants of opposing semantic-syntactic relations with the adversative conjunction but in paremias. After the analysis, the author concludes that the peculiarity of coordinate phrases with conjunction but is their relatively larger semantic and grammatical dependence on the whole sentence – proverb than in the coordinate phrases with and, which can function independently without a sentence, although in some cases their conceptual fullness is also realized only in a general judgment. Coordinate phrases, being carriers of a certain semantic volume, act as key concepts of proverbs.

Developments in DNA Profiling Techniques and Technologies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Allsop
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Profiling Techniques ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Cold Case

This chapter provides a brief history of developments in genetic profiling, noting the advances in profiling techniques from the initial discovery by Sir Alec Jeffreys of what was then termed DNA ‘fingerprinting’ through to familial searching (that is, the ability to search the NDNAD for the DNA profile of potential close relatives of a suspect when the suspect’s DNA is not on the NDNAD). An overview of what DNA is, noting how individuals are identified and differentiated from each other, is explained in order to demonstrate how these progressive advances have benefited cold case reviews.

XII.—The Experimental Analysis of the Growth of an Insect Population

1936 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 126-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stewart MacLagan ◽  
Edward Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Insect Population ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
The Subject

Human populations have afforded favourite material for analysis by statisticians, and others, interested in mathematical theories of population-growth. Experimentally, however, human beings are not ideal biological material, so that other animals, such as protozoa, insects, and mammals, have been used. On account of their great reproductive capacity, rapid response to changes in their environment, and ease of handling in the laboratory, certain insects are very suitable for this type of work. The enormous reproductive capacity of insects has been the subject of comment by many biologists, but we are still comparatively ignorant of the exact rôle of the various factors involved in the limitation of their numbers.

scholarly journals Awareness level on the role of forensic DNA database in criminal investigation in Nigeria: A case study of Benin city

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 007-014
Author(s):  
Udogadi Nwawuba Stanley ◽  
Blessing Nkiruka Akpata Chinyere
Keyword(s):  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Forensic Dna Profiling ◽  
Awareness Level

Pieces of evidence have continued to emerge, demonstrating the extensive efficiency and effectiveness of the DNA database in assisting criminal investigations around the world. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the awareness level on the prominent role of Forensic DNA Database on Crime Investigation in Nigeria: a case study of Benin City. In conducting this research, a total of 458 questionnaires were distributed around Benin City between the periods of 12th January 2020 to 21st March 2020, with a particular focus on security agents and students. The questionnaire comprised of three main categories: Socio-demographic characteristics, Information about the National Forensic DNA Database, and Information about DNA evidence, and Nigeria Criminal Justice system. For the analysis of data collected; the statistical tool used was also Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22 for windows. Responses were compared using chi-square and presented as counts and percentages. In determining the level of awareness, the following responses were obtained. Of the total population: 53.28% had no idea about forensics, 19.21% were uncertain and 27.54% knew about forensics. The same trend was observed with Forensic DNA profiling, 42.14% did not know, 22.27% were uncertain and 35.59% demonstrated good knowledge of Forensic DNA profiling. On the knowledge about the National Forensic DNA Database, 48.47% had no knowledge, 22.27% were uncertain and 29.26% were knowledgeable about it. The result of the present study revealed that the awareness level of the forensic DNA Database was found to be inadequate.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

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