Gene–environment interactions in animal models of depression and anxiety

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Daniela Felice ◽  
Anand Gururajan ◽  
Olivia F O’Leary ◽  
John F Cryan
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Candidate Target ◽  
The Individual

Depression and anxiety disorders cause the greatest global disability in terms of impact on the individual, family, and society at large. The etiology of these disorders is multifactorial and includes complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. This chapter reviews preclinical studies assessing the importance of gene–environment (G×E) interaction. Specifically, we focus on G×E studies assessing the roles of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, serotonergic system, GABAergic system, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) system. Finally, novel candidate target genes for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders are considered.

scholarly journals Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) - The Need for Radical Reform

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1136-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Scott
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Personal Injury ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

Improving Access to Psychological Therapies is a UK government-funded initiative to widen access to the psychological treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. The author has had the opportunity to independently assess 90 Improving Access to Psychological Therapies clients, using a standardised semi-structured interview, the Structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) and to listen to their account of interaction with the service. The results suggest that only the tip of the iceberg fully recovers from their disorder (9.2%) whether or not they were treated before or after a personal injury claim. There is a pressing need to re-examine the modus operandi of the service.

scholarly journals Comparison of algorithm-based versus single-item phenotyping measures of depression and anxiety disorders in the GLAD Study cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly R Davies ◽  
Joshua E. J. Buckman ◽  
Brett N Adey ◽  
Cherie Armour ◽  
John R Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Symptom Reports ◽  
The Individual

Background: Research to understand the complex aetiology of depressive and anxiety disorders often requires large sample sizes, but this comes at a cost. Large-scale studies are typically unable to utilise "gold standard" phenotyping methods, instead relying on remote, self-report measures to ascertain phenotypes. Aims: To assess the comparability of two commonly used phenotyping methods for depression and anxiety disorders. Method: Participants from the Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study (N = 37,419) completed an online questionnaire including detailed symptom reports. They received a lifetime algorithm-based diagnosis based on DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Any anxiety disorder included participants with at least one anxiety disorder. Participants also responded to single-item questions asking whether they had ever been diagnosed with these disorders by health professionals. Results: Agreement for algorithm-based and single-item diagnoses was high for MDD and any anxiety disorder but low for the individual anxiety disorders. For GAD, many participants with a single-item diagnosis did not receive an algorithm-based diagnosis. In contrast, algorithm-based diagnoses of the other anxiety disorders were more common than the single-item diagnoses. Conclusions: The two phenotyping methods were comparable for MDD and any anxiety disorder cases. However, frequencies of specific anxiety disorders varied depending on the method. Single-item diagnoses classified most participants as having GAD whereas algorithm-based diagnoses were more evenly distributed across the anxiety disorders. Future investigations of specific anxiety disorders should use algorithm-based or other robust phenotyping methods.

Diagnosis and treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in GP practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Bartosz Sapilak ◽  
Anna Antosik-Wójcińska
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Family ◽  
Somatic Diseases

Depressive and anxiety disorders are nowadays the most common chronic psychiatric disorders, its diagnosis and treatment is the competence of family doctors. The family doctors have the best chance to find the symptoms of the disease, make decision to initiate the therapy, and, in difficult cases, refer the patient to a specialist. Depression is a systemic disease affecting life of the patient and his family, including the symptomatology of somatic diseases (pain syndromes, stenocardia, arrhythmias and gastric ailments). This disease should be treated at an early stage. It is a serious mistake both to ignore the symptoms and conservatively refer all patients for specialist consultation, without first attempting to start therapy. A large group of patients will simply not take advantage of this option and will be left without treatment.

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