On the Quantum Footpath

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Quantum Trajectories ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Matrix Mechanics ◽  
Principle Of Least Action ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Richard Feynman

This chapter shows how the concept of the trajectory of a quantum particle almost vanished in the battle between Werner Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics and Erwin Schrödinger’s wave mechanics. It took Niels Bohr and his complementarity principle of wave-particle duality to cede back some reality to quantum trajectories. However, Schrödinger and Einstein were not convinced and conceived of quantum entanglement to refute the growing acceptance of the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum physics. Schrödinger’s cat was meant to be an absurdity, but ironically it has become a central paradigm of practical quantum computers. Quantum trajectories took on new meaning when Richard Feynman constructed quantum theory based on the principle of least action, inventing his famous Feynman Diagrams to help explain quantum electrodynamics.

Visualizability and Intelligibility

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk W. de Regt
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Matrix Mechanics ◽  
Contextual Theory ◽  
Erwin Schrödinger ◽  
Gradual Loss ◽  
Depth Study

This chapter investigates the relation between visualizability and intelligibility, by means of an in-depth study of the transition from classical physics to quantum physics in the first decades of the twentieth century. In this development, the issue of visualizability played a central role. After a brief discussion of the visualizability of classical physics, it examines the gradual loss of visualizability in quantum theory, focusing on the work of quantum physicists Niels Bohr, Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrödinger. The chapter presents a detailed analysis of the role of visualizability (Anschaulichkeit) in the competition between Schrödinger’s wave mechanics and Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics, and in the discovery of electron spin. The contextual theory of understanding asserts that visualizability is one out of many possible tools for understanding, albeit one that has proved to be very effective in science. This conclusion is supported by an analysis of the role of visualization in postwar quantum physics, especially via Feynman diagrams.

scholarly journals Extended harmonic mapping connects the equations in classical, statistical, fluid, quantum physics and general relativity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Zhai ◽  
Changyu Huang ◽  
Gang Ren
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Harmonic Maps ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Harmonic Mapping ◽  
Geodesic Equation ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Principle Of Least Action ◽  
Fundamental Equations

Abstract One potential pathway to find an ultimate rule governing our universe is to hunt for a connection among the fundamental equations in physics. Recently, Ren et al. reported that the harmonic maps with potential introduced by Duan, named extended harmonic mapping (EHM), connect the equations of general relativity, chaos and quantum mechanics via a universal geodesic equation. The equation, expressed as Euler–Lagrange equations on the Riemannian manifold, was obtained from the principle of least action. Here, we further demonstrate that more than ten fundamental equations, including that  of classical mechanics, fluid physics, statistical physics, astrophysics, quantum physics and general relativity, can be connected by the same universal geodesic equation. The connection sketches a family tree of the physics equations, and their intrinsic connections reflect an alternative ultimate rule of our universe, i.e., the principle of least action on a Finsler manifold.

Quantum Physics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Seth
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Atomic Spectroscopy ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Matrix Mechanics ◽  
Max Born ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
History Of Quantum Physics

This article discusses the history of quantum physics, beginning with an analysis of the process through which a community of quantum theorists and experimentalists came into being. In particular, it traces the roots and fruits of Max Planck’s papers in irreversible processes in nature. It proceeds by exploring the origin and subsequent development of Niels Bohr’s so-called ‘planetary model’ of the atom, focusing on the extension of the model by Arnold Sommerfeld and members of his school as well to Bohr’s use of his principles of correspondence and adiabatic invariance. It also considers the post-war years, as the problems of atomic spectroscopy sparked the development of new methodological approaches to quantum theory. Finally, it offers a history of the two distinct new forms of quantum mechanics put forward in the mid-1920s: Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan’s matrix mechanics, and Erwin Schrödinger’s wave mechanics.

Electron diffraction chez Thomson: early responses to quantum physics in Britain

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAUME NAVARRO
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Basic Tenet ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Quantum Wave ◽  
The University ◽  
Total Agreement ◽  
Father And Son

AbstractIn 1927, George Paget Thomson, professor at the University of Aberdeen, obtained photographs that he interpreted as evidence for electron diffraction. These photographs were in total agreement with de Broglie's principle of wave–particle duality, a basic tenet of the new quantum wave mechanics. His experiments were an initially unforeseen spin-off from a project he had started in Cambridge with his father, Joseph John Thomson, on the study of positive rays. This paper addresses the scientific relationship between the Thomsons, father and son, as well as the influence that the institutional milieu of Cambridge had on the early work of the latter. Both Thomsons were trained in the pedagogical tradition of classical physics in the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos, and this certainly influenced their understanding of quantum physics and early quantum mechanics. In this paper, I analyse the responses of both father and son to the photographs of electron diffraction: a confirmation of the existence of the ether in the former, and a partial embrace of some ideas of the new quantum mechanics in the latter.

The principle of greatest freedom

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Sylvain Battisti
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Transfer Energy ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Principle Of Least Action ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Coherent Relationship

Elementary particles are the common capital of any being in the universe. However, a being is characterized by its behavior as well as its capital and the principle of least action shows the common behavior of partners that transfer energy. However, the concept of action does not apply to all transfers; what is the action when two men transfer words? Here we show that the “principle of greatest freedom” reveals the common behavior of any partner during nondestructive relationship that is to maximize the number of its accessible states, i.e., its freedom. It gives a common interpretation to quantum mechanics, to wave-particle duality and to relativity. It defines the coherent relationship, which explains why objects behave consistently according to laws and why they construct compound beings that evolve.

scholarly journals On the principle of least action in wave mechanics

1928 ◽  
Vol 121 (788) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equations ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Tensor Form ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Principle Of Least Action ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second Order Equations

It is well known that de Broglie’s wave mechanics is based on the analogy between the mechanical principle of least action and the optical principle of least time. Schrodinger’s original theory of the hydrogen atom was likewise based on a variational principle, and the method has been used extensively in subsequent developments of the subject. Very recently Darwin has given the form of the principle appropriate to Dirac’s theory and has shown that expressions for the current vector and electric density can be deduced from it. In Dirac’s work the electron wave is specified by a four-rowed matrix. The theory has been brilliantly successful in accounting for the “duplexity” phenomena of the atom, but has the defect that the wave equations are unsymmetrical and have not the tensor form. In a recent paper an attempt has been made to surmount this difficulty. Eight wave functions are employed instead of Dirac’s four. These are grouped together to form two four-vectors and satisfy tensor equations of the second order. It is shown in 2 of the present paper that these eight wave equations can be reduced, by addition and subtraction, to the four second order equations satisfied by Dirac’s functions, taken twice over; and that, in a sense, the present theory includes Dirac’s.

scholarly journals Indeterminism in quantum mechanics: beyond and/or within causation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Axiom Of Choice ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Matrix Mechanics ◽  
Principle Of Least Action ◽  
The Axiom Of Choice

The problem of indeterminism in quantum mechanics usually being considered as a generalization determinism of classical mechanics and physics for the case of discrete (quantum) changes is interpreted as an only mathematical problem referring to the relation of a set of independent choices to a well-ordered series therefore regulated by the equivalence of the axiom of choice and the well-ordering “theorem”. The former corresponds to quantum indeterminism, and the latter, to classical determinism. No other premises (besides the above only mathematical equivalence) are necessary to explain how the probabilistic causation of quantum mechanics refers to the unambiguous determinism of classical physics. The same equivalence underlies the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics. It merged the well-ordered components of the vectors of Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics and the non-ordered members of the wave functions of Schrödinger’s undulatory mechanics. The mathematical condition of that merging is just the equivalence of the axiom of choice and the well-ordering theorem implying in turn Max Born’s probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. Particularly, energy conservation is justified differently than classical physics. It is due to the equivalence at issue rather than to the principle of least action. One may involve two forms of energy conservation corresponding whether to the smooth changes of classical physics or to the discrete changes of quantum mechanics. Further both kinds of changes can be equated to each other under the unified energy conservation as well as the conditions for the violation of energy conservation to be investigated therefore directing to a certain generalization of energy conservation.

scholarly journals Bio-inertia resonates life into evolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yu Lai ◽  
Yi Yu Lai ◽  
Yi Yu Lai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Nkt Cell ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Principle Of Least Action ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Planck’S Law ◽  
Harmonic Inversion

Life is an environmental signal compromised Le Châteliers system. The potential for it to issue Le Châteliers effect to discernable signals is defined as bio-inertia. To track the origin of such system recovering capability, we composite brachistochrone curves with experiments to prove that a path which can be projecting into three-dimensional simple harmonic motion with internal commutation is an efficient sustaining signal accumulating and transferring system. It is defined as a bio quantum path which composes of the fundamental physical splicing structures of bio-systems. Experiments calibrate gravitational loss as empirical bio-inertia. Surface tension inversion is therefore evidently to be the fundamental gravitational binding and polarization manner in bio-systems. CSF, as the highest gravitational binding system of vertebrates, has also been originated back to the inversion of an earlier phospholipid bilayer based on the ancient somatic physical training. By adapting Chus constant into Planck's law and the born of the Schrödinger Cats babies, the fragile Copenhagen superposition becomes converging superposition that can be modulated by a music frequency notation in enough binding Le Châteliers system. Inside surface tension regions, quantum mechanics recovers its gravitational quiddity by redefining Schrödinger wave function, and binding Einsteins gravitational waves that regenerate bio-functions get an equivalent definition. Wave-particle duality is reinterpreted, and the Principle of Least Action is generalized as the relay or harmonic inversion of the multi-surface tension transferring in bio-systems. From the binding and inversions of gravity on bio quantum paths, life is physically abiogenesis from a whirlpool by surface tension inversions. NKT cell clinical trial based on new definition confirms that ancient spinal training systems are still unsurpassable for precluding of spinal cancerous recurrent factors before modern biotechnologies can establish spinal CSF surface tension interference method in someday.

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