Jenis Dan Struktur Tropik Level Ikan Di Danau Tempe Kabupaten Soppeng Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Penelitian berjudul Jenis dan Struktur Trofik Level Ikan di Danau Tempe Kabupaten Soppeng Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan yang dilakukan selama 4 bulan penelitian (Februari, maret, April dan Juni) tahun 2017, bertujuan untuk mengetahui transfer energy di perairan Danau tempe berjalan sesuai dengan sistem jejaring makanan dan manfaat penelitian ini untuk pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan yang optimal dan berkelanjutan diperairan Danau Tempe. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa struktur trifik level Beberapa ikan yang tertangkap di perairan Danau Tempe adalah minimum 2 dan maksimum berfarisasi menurut jenis ikan dan waktu pengamatan. Disimpulkan bahwa sumberdaya alam diperairan danau tempe berupa fitoplankton dan zooplankton sebagai produser primer dan consumer primer masih mendukung untuk tingkatan trofik diatasnya yaitu ikan South Sulawesi, which was conducted for 4 months of research (February, March, April and June) in 2017, aims to determine the transfer of energy in the waters of Lake Tempe runs according to the food network system and the benefits of this research for optimal and sustainable management and utilization of fish resources. in the waters of Lake Tempe. The results showed that the trific level structure of some fish caught in the waters of Lake Tempe was a minimum of 2 and a maximum of varying according to the type of fish and the time of observation. It was concluded that the natural resources in the waters of Lake Tempe in the form of phytoplankton and zooplankton as primary producers and primary consumers still support the higher trophic levels, namely fish.

Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in a Micro-grid Using Internet of Things and Blockchain

With advancements in renewable energy techno­logies, consumers are becoming prosumers, and renewable energy resources are being used in distributed networks. In an isolated distributed system, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is one of the most promising energy management solutions. In this paper, we propose a P2P energy trading method for micro-grids using open resources and technology. The proposed setup comprises an Internet of Things (IoT) server to transfer energy amongst the peers without human intervention, and an Ethereum based private blockchain is suggested for money transfer in the form of cryptocurrency. The IoT server enables the peers to control and monitor self-produced energy. Arduino UNO, ACS 712 hall-effect current sensor, and a relay are the main components used in the hardware setup. The current sensor data is sent in real- time to Arduino for onward communication to the IoT server. A user-friendly interface has been developed on the server to perform various energy trading tasks. Peers have the choice to access the server remotely to perform energy trading tasks. The energy trading events can be shared amongst peers through e-mail notifications. For financial transactions, we utilized Ganache graphical user interface (GUI) a private Ethereum blockchain eliminating the need for financial institutions. The proposed peer-to-peer energy trading model has been successfully tested for energy trading between two peers. This paper provides details of the proposed hardware and software setup and explains how low-cost P2P energy trading can be achieved.

SDBD Flexible Plasma Actuator with Ag-Ink Electrodes: Experimental Assessment

In the present work, a single dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD)-based actuator is developed and experimentally tested by means of various diagnostic techniques. Flexible dielectric barriers and conductive paint electrodes are used, making the design concept applicable to surfaces of different aerodynamic profiles. A technical drawing of the actuator is given in detail. The plasma is sustained by audio frequency sinusoidal high voltage, while it is probed electrically and optically. The consumed electric power is measured, and the optical emission spectrum is recorded in the ultraviolet–near infrared (UV–NIR) range. High-resolution spectroscopy provides molecular rotational distributions, which are treated appropriately to evaluate the gas temperature. The plasma-induced flow field is spatiotemporally surveyed with pitot-like tube and schlieren imaging. Briefly, the actuator consumes a mean power less than 10 W and shows a fair stability over one day, the average temperature of the gas above its surface is close to 400 K, and the fluid speed rises to 4.5 m s−1. A long, thin layer (less than 1.5 mm) of laminar flow is unveiled on the actuator surface. This thin layer is interfaced with an outspread turbulent flow field, which occupies a centimeter-scale area. Molecular nitrogen-positive ions appear to be part of the charged heavy species in the generated filamentary discharge, which can transfer energy and momentum to the surrounding air molecules.

Problem statement for the analysis of electromechanical systems by simulation modeling methods

The article presents an approach to the complex analysis of electromechanical systems using specialized packages of applied simulation programs. It is shown that the choice of research methodology is due to the complexity and mutual influence of energy processes in electromechanical converters and the absence of verified analytical solutions.The main research stages are defined, including the construction of a geometric model of the object, determination of the problem type to be solved and relevant initial and boundary conditions, justification of defining criteria, modeling of electromagnetic, thermal and hydraulic processes and their analysis. The software packages are based on the classical equations of electrodynamics, heat transfer, energy, motion and continuity. Creation of three-dimensional solid parametric model is implemented in the T-FlexCAD system. The simulation experiment was carried out with the use of SolidWorksFlowSimulation system, that allows to process the initial array of design parameters in conditions of the multiphysics problem statement. The variables were ranked using Statistica, a statistical processing and data analysis program. Simulation results of energy exchange processes at varying geometry of defining design parameters allow to establish dependence of electromechanical system output characteristics on design and dimension relations of system elements parameters and to design high-efficiency electromechanical systems on this basis.

Plasmon Resonant Two-Photon Luminescence Inducing Photosensitization and Nonlinear Optical Microscopy In Vivo by Near-Infrared Excitation of Au Nanopeanuts

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) provides a potential therapeutic approach for killing malignant cell/solid tumors, but currently approved photosensitizers (PSs) are generally excited by visible light, limiting the penetration depth in tissues. It is necessary to develop a near-infrared (NIR) responsive photodynamic platform, providing maximum tissue penetration. Here, we present a gold nanopeanut platform exhibiting dual functions of NIR PDT and two-photon luminescence imaging. The nanopeanut with a size less than 100 nm exhibits two distinct NIR surface plasmon absorption bands at approximately 1110 and 1300 nm. To perform PDT, we conjugated commercial toluidine blue O (TBO) PS on the surface of the nanopeanuts. With spectral overlap, the 1230-nm femtosecond Cr: forsterite laser can excite the surface plasmons of nanopeanuts, transfer energy to TBO, and generate singlet oxygen to kill cells. Moreover, the plasmon resonance-enhanced two-photon luminescence of nanopeanuts can be used to map their delivery in vivo. These results demonstrate that the PS-conjugated gold nanopeanut is an effective theranostic system for NIR PDT.

Non-conventional octameric structure of C-phycocyanin

C-phycocyanin (CPC), a blue pigment protein, is an indispensable component of giant phycobilisomes, which are light-harvesting antenna complexes in cyanobacteria that transfer energy efficiently to photosystems I and II. X-ray crystallographic and electron microscopy (EM) analyses have revealed the structure of CPC to be a closed toroidal hexamer by assembling two trimers. In this study, the structural characterization of non-conventional octameric CPC is reported for the first time. Analyses of the crystal and cryogenic EM structures of the native CPC from filamentous thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermoleptolyngbya sp. O–77 unexpectedly illustrated the coexistence of conventional hexamer and novel octamer. In addition, an unusual dimeric state, observed via analytical ultracentrifugation, was postulated to be a key intermediate structure in the assemble of the previously unobserved octamer. These observations provide new insights into the assembly processes of CPCs and the mechanism of energy transfer in the light-harvesting complexes.

Key-Phase-Free Blade Tip-Timing for Nonstationary Test Conditions: An Improved Algorithm for the Vibration Monitoring of a SAFRAN Turbomachine from the Surveillance 9 International Conference Contest

A turbomachine is a fundamental engineering apparatus meant to transfer energy between a rotor and a fluid. Turbomachines are the core of power generation in many engineering applications such as electric power generation plants, aerospace, marine power, automotive etc. Their relevance makes them both mission critical and safety critical in many fields. To foster reliability and safety, then, continuous monitoring of the rotor is more than desirable. One promising monitoring technique is, with no doubt, the Blade Tip-Timing, which, being simple and non-invasive, can be easily implemented on many different rotors. Blade Tip-Timing is based on the recording of the time of arrival of the blades passing in front of a probe located at a fixed angular position. The non-contact nature of the measurement prevents influences on the measured vibration, that can be recovered for all the blades simultaneously, possibly even online. In this regard, a novel algorithm is presented in this paper for obtaining a good estimate of the vibration of the blades with minimum system complexity (i.e., only one Blade Tip-Timing probe) and minimum computational effort, so to create a simple vibration monitoring system, potentially implementable online. The methodology was tested on a dataset from a SAFRAN turbomachine made available during the Surveillance 9 international conference for a diagnostic contest.

Caught in the act: Observation of the solvent response triggered by excited-state proton transfer in real time

Real-time observation of the solvent response following Excited State Proton Transfer (ESPT) of the photoacid HPTS into water using Optical Pump THz Probe (OPTP) spectroscopy from 0.1 ps up to 300 ps is reported. Subsequent to an instantaneous (< 0.2 ps) electronic response of the solute to photoexcitation, an oscillation with a period of 4 ps involving an intermolecular H (pyranine) - O (water) mode is observed. While for the methylated derivative, MPTS, and the deprotonated photoacid this oscillation relaxes on a time scale of 1.5 – 2 ps, for HPTS the oscillation decays more rapidly within 0.4 ps, which marks the onset of proton transfer. Energy transfer from the excited solute to the solvent takes place on a time scale of 120 ps and is proportional to the Stokes shift associated with energetic relaxation from the Franck-Condon region to the ground state of the photoexcited HPTS.

Impact of Wave-Vortical Interactions on Oceanic Submesoscale Lateral Dispersion

Submesoscale lateral transport of Lagrangian particles in pycnocline conditions is investigated by means of idealized numerical simulations with reduced-interaction models. Using a projection technique, the models are formulated in terms of wave-mode and vortical-mode nonlinear interactions, and they range in complexity from full Boussinesq to waves-only and vortical-modes-only (QG) models. We find that, on these scales, most of the dispersion is done by vortical motions, but waves cannot be discounted because they play an important, albeit indirect, role. In particular, we show that waves are instrumental in filling out the spectra of vortical-mode energy at smaller scales through non-resonant vortex-wave-wave triad interactions. We demonstrate that a richer spectrum of vortical modes in the presence of waves enhances the effective lateral diffusivity, compared to QG. Waves also transfer energy upscale to vertically sheared horizontal flows which are a key ingredient for internal-wave shear dispersion. In the waves-only model, the dispersion rate is an order of magnitude smaller and is attributed entirely to internal-wave shear dispersion.