Applying Mathematics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otávio Bueno ◽  
Steven French
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
Mathematical Structures ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
History Of Quantum Physics ◽  
Available Information

What has been called ‘the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics’ sets a challenge for philosophers. Some have responded to that challenge by arguing that mathematics is essentially anthropocentric in character whereas others have pointed to the range of structures that mathematics offers. Here a middle way is offered that focuses on the moves that have to be made in both the mathematics and the relevant physics in order to bring the two into appropriate relation. This relation can be captured via the inferential conception of the applicability of mathematics which is formulated in terms of immersion inference and interpretation. In particular the roles of idealizations and of surplus structure in science and mathematics respectively are brought to the fore and captured via an approach to models and theories that emphasizes the partiality of the available information: the partial structures approach. The discussion as a whole is grounded in a number of case studies drawn from the history of quantum physics and extended to contest recent claims that the explanatory role of certain mathematical structures in scientific practice supports a realist attitude towards them. The overall conclusion is that the effectiveness of mathematics does not seem unreasonable at all once close attention is paid to how it is actually applied in practice.

scholarly journals ISLAM, AGAMA TOLERANSI DAN CINTA DAMAI : (TELAAH ATAS NOVEL AYAT-AYAT CINTA KARYA HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-89
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yasid ◽  
Moh Juhdi
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Legal Rule ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
History Of ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Role Of Religion

Abstract   Islam, religion of tolerance and love of peace is one of Habiburrahman El Shirazy’s, it is a study indicating the values ​​of love and tolerance of Islam in the modern public space area. This study used the underlying theory of the values ​​of love and tolerance as well as the role of Islam in modern times that has been developing in the public discourse that in the history of human civilization there are several things that must be understood that humans have the sense to differentiate between humans and other creatures. From this reason humans can do something to explore and explain things that are not known by others. The method that is used in data collection technique is documentation technique, because this study is descriptive qualitative. This study examines several things including the values of love and tolerance because accepting differences is a distinct pleasure for each particular societies in other words, not seeing other people as deviants or enemies but as partner to complement each other by having an equal position and equally valid and valuable as a way of managing life and living life both individually and collectively. Acceptance of differences demands changes in the legal rule in people's lives so that the role of religion in the modern public space area becomes a middle way to build diversity and a nature that must both appreciate and respect one another, this diversity is seen in the portrait of everyday life which then creates peace, and harmony in interacting with all elements of society.    

Sources for History of Quantum Physics

Physics Today ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Kuhn ◽  
John L. Heilbron ◽  
Paul L. Forman ◽  
Lini Allen ◽  
R. Bruce Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Quantum Physics

Quantum Physics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Seth
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Atomic Spectroscopy ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Wave Mechanics ◽  
Matrix Mechanics ◽  
Max Born ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
History Of Quantum Physics

This article discusses the history of quantum physics, beginning with an analysis of the process through which a community of quantum theorists and experimentalists came into being. In particular, it traces the roots and fruits of Max Planck’s papers in irreversible processes in nature. It proceeds by exploring the origin and subsequent development of Niels Bohr’s so-called ‘planetary model’ of the atom, focusing on the extension of the model by Arnold Sommerfeld and members of his school as well to Bohr’s use of his principles of correspondence and adiabatic invariance. It also considers the post-war years, as the problems of atomic spectroscopy sparked the development of new methodological approaches to quantum theory. Finally, it offers a history of the two distinct new forms of quantum mechanics put forward in the mid-1920s: Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan’s matrix mechanics, and Erwin Schrödinger’s wave mechanics.

Black Boxes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco J. Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Psychology And Economics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Productive Role

Textbooks and other popular venues commonly present science as a progressive “brick-by-brick” accumulation of knowledge and facts. Despite its hallowed history and familiar ring, this depiction is nowadays rejected by most specialists. Then why are books and articles, written by these same experts, actively promoting such a distorted characterization? The short answer is that no better alternative is available. There currently are two competing models of the scientific enterprise: reductionism and antireductionism. Neither provides an accurate depiction of the productive interaction between knowledge and ignorance, supplanting the old metaphor of the “wall” of knowledge. This book explores an original conception of the nature and advancement of science. The proposed shift brings attention to a prominent, albeit often neglected, construct—the black box—which underlies a well-oiled technique for incorporating a productive role of ignorance and failure into the acquisition of empirical knowledge. What is a black box? How does it work? How is it constructed? How does one determine what to include and what to leave out? What role do boxes play in contemporary scientific practice? By detailing some fascinating episodes in the history of biology, psychology, and economics, Nathan revisits foundational questions about causation, explanation, emergence, and progress, showing how the insights of both reductionism and antireductionism can be reconciled into a fresh and exciting approach to science.

scholarly journals The Functional Role of Structures in Bourbaki

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-214
Author(s):  
Gerhard Heinzmann ◽  
Jean Petitot
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Horizontal Connections ◽  
Mathematical Structuralism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

In the history of 20th-century mathematical structuralism, the figure of Bourbaki is prominent and sometimes even identified with the philosophical doctrine of structuralism. However, the Bourbaki group consisted of pure mathematicians, among them the greatest of their generation, most of whom seemed little inclined to, and even hesitant about, philosophy. This essay proposes to explore this tension in line with the recent philosophical interest in scientific practice. The working assumption is that the use of the concept of structure in Bourbaki is not mainly conceptual and foundational, but pragmatic and functional. This functional interpretation is governed by the principle of the unity of mathematics. In addition to their deductive “vertical” dimension, taking into account structures can reveal various “horizontal” connections between different theories.

International Mathematical Education: Mathematical Structures and the Role of Algebra in School Mathematics

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 673-678
Author(s):  
Howard F. Fehr ◽  
P. Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Instruction ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Mathematical Education ◽  
Mathematical Structures ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
Arab States ◽  
And Mathematics

Editor's Note.—In April 1966, at a meeting of ministers of education in the Arab states, held at Tripoli, a resolution was adopted requesting an updating of instruction in school subjects—particularly mathematics, pure and applied science, and foreign languages. In November 1966, the General Conference of UNESCO invited member states to undertake a major program for improvement of science and mathematics instruction and selected the Arab states as an initial place to start because of their April resolution. Mathematics was selected as the initial subject primarily because, worldwide, the reforms in education during the last fifteen years began with mathematics.

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