OPEC

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-134
Author(s):  
Giuliano Garavini
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S

In order to explain the creation of OPEC, Chapter 2 describes the spread of protests in the oil fields as well as the rise of nationalism in the Arab world, together with the radicalization of Venezuelan politics at the end of the 1950s. It explains in detail the organization of the first Arab Oil Congress in Cairo in 1959, the emergence of a group of oil technocrats in the Middle East and then the creation of OPEC in Baghdad in September 1960. The chapter further explores the nature of OPEC showing why, contrary to common beliefs, it cannot be defined as a “cartel,” while analyzing at the same time the first “operative” resolutions it approved in 1962.

The Demography of the Arab World and the Middle East from the 1950s to the 2000s

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Tabutin ◽  
Bruno Schoumaker
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The 1950S

scholarly journals Dr. Aziz Suryal Atiya and the Establishment of the Middle East Center and the Aziz S. Atiya Library for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Utah

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Leonard C. Chiarelli ◽  
Mohammad Mirfakhrai
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Science Research ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
Middle Eastern Studies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The University

Aziz Suryal Atiya was an Egyptian Coptic Studies expert, historian and orientalist specializing in the study of the Crusades era. He published several important books, including primarily The Crusades in the Later Middle Ages (1938). He contributed to the creation of the Institute of Coptic Studies in Cairo in the 1950s. He was also the originator and founder of the Middle East Center at the University of Utah, which today is one of the most important centers of wide science research on the Middle East. This article discusses the background and circumstances of the establishment of the Middle East Center and the Aziz S. Atiya Library for Middle Eastern Studies, both at the Univer­sity of Utah, which is the fifth largest institution of its kind in North America.

Khamsin: A New Vision for the Middle East

2020 ◽  
pp. 281-324
Author(s):  
Lutz Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Major Result ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Common Future

This chapter explores the history of the journal Khamsin. Revue des socialistes révolutionnaires du Proche-Orient. The chapter demonstrates how the language of progress, socialism, and revolution provided the basis for cooperation between Jewish-Israeli and Arab intellectuals throughout the Middle East of the 1970s. The publication of Khamsin, which was founded in 1975 and published until 1987, was one major result of this cooperation. First the biography of Matzpen’s Eli Lobel is outlined, who was known for his unparalleled support for post-colonial states in Asia and Africa but who was also the guiding spirit behind Khamsin. Proceeding from the biographies of Leila S. Kadi, Sadik J. Al-Azm and Lafif Lakhdar, the chapter sketches in the experiences of a generation of the Arab Left that, after the defeat of June 1967, voiced a radical self-critique of the Arab world and the demand for its secularization and modernization. These two different political constellations eventually found a common political platform in 1975 with the creation of Khamsin. Finally, the chapter illustrates how Khamsin provided a political platform that opposed the rise of religious fundamentalism and Islamization in the Middle East. Socialist internationalism seemed to point to a common future beyond national and religious partisanship.

The Demography of the Arab World and the Middle East from the 1950s to the 2000s. A Survey of Changes and a Statistical Assessment

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Tabutin ◽  
Bruno Schoumaker ◽  
Godfrey Rogers ◽  
Jonathan Mandelbaum ◽  
Catriona Dutreuilh
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
The 1950S

Nasser's Gamble

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Egyptian Revolution ◽  
Arab Nationalism ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Arab Spring

This book draws on declassified documents from six countries and original material in Arabic, German, Hebrew, and Russian to present a new understanding of Egypt's disastrous five-year intervention in Yemen, which Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser later referred to as “my Vietnam.” The book argues that Nasser's attempt to export the Egyptian revolution to Yemen played a decisive role in destabilizing Egypt's relations with the Cold War powers, tarnishing its image in the Arab world, ruining its economy, and driving its rulers to instigate the fatal series of missteps that led to war with Israel in 1967. Viewing the Six Day War as an unintended consequence of the Saudi–Egyptian struggle over Yemen, the book demonstrates that the most important Cold War conflict in the Middle East was not the clash between Israel and its neighbors. It was the inter-Arab struggle between monarchies and republics over power and legitimacy. Egypt's defeat in the “Arab Cold War” set the stage for the rise of Saudi Arabia and political Islam. Bold and provocative, this book brings to life a critical phase in the modern history of the Middle East. Its compelling analysis of Egypt's fall from power in the 1960s offers new insights into the decline of Arab nationalism, exposing the deep historical roots of the Arab Spring of 2011.

Active and Passive Citizenship in the Arab World

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Citizenship Regimes

This article argues that the current crisis of relations between states and citizens in the Arab Middle East cannot just be traced to the rise of postcolonial authoritarian regimes but further back, to the rise of the modern state in the early 19th century. The development of modern citizenship regimes has not empowered citizens, it has instead led to a more passive mode of citizenship. After a historical discussion of the various ruling bargains in modern regional history, the article concludes with a discussion of ongoing protests demanding more active citizenship regimes.

The New Islamic State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Khosrokhavar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
The West ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The creation of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) changed the nature of jihadism worldwide. For a few years (2014–2017) it exemplified the destructive capacity of jihadism and created a new utopia aimed at restoring the past greatness and glory of the former caliphate. It also attracted tens of thousands of young wannabe combatants of faith (mujahids, those who make jihad) toward Syria and Iraq from more than 100 countries. Its utopia was dual: not only re-creating the caliphate that would spread Islam all over the world but also creating a cohesive, imagined community (the neo-umma) that would restore patriarchal family and put an end to the crisis of modern society through an inflexible interpretation of shari‘a (Islamic laws and commandments). To achieve these goals, ISIS diversified its approach. It focused, in the West, on the rancor of the Muslim migrants’ sons and daughters, on exoticism, and on an imaginary dream world and, in the Middle East, on tribes and the Sunni/Shi‘a divide, particularly in the Iraqi and Syrian societies.

Bibliography of Periodical Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Norbert Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Periodical Literature ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict

This bibliography lists articles and reviews of books relevant to Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict from the quarter 16 August–15 November 2018. Entries are classified under the following headings: Palestine in Global and Comparative Perspectives; Palestine and the Palestinians; Literature and the Arts; Middle East and the Arab World; Israel and Zionism; and Recent Dissertations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document