WDM Access Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 299-320
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Optical Networking ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Wdm Transmission ◽  
Capacity And Coverage

In TDM PONs, or simply PONs, the transmission capacity of optical fibers remains under-utilized with single-wavelength transmissions for both upstream and downstream traffic. Use of WDM transmission in PONs can significantly enhance the overall network capacity and coverage area. WDM transmission in PONs can be realized in several ways, such as by using WDM exclusively or combining WDM with TDM, leading to WDM PONs and TDM-WDM PONs (TWDM PONs). This chapter gives several candidate physical configurations to realize WDM and TWDM PONs, and describes some useful dynamic wavelength-bandwidth allocation (DWBA) schemes for the latter. We also briefly discuss the needs of open access to the PON-based access networks for the various stakeholders, such as service providers and network providers. Finally, we describe briefly the roles of optical networking in the access segment of mobile networks. (135 words)

Optical Access Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-188
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Video Services

Access networks have evolved relentlessly over time in diverse directions. For example, PSTN initially provided only landline voice services in the last mile and later offered data-access using dial-up, ISDN, and ADSL technologies. Similarly, cable TV and mobile communication networks introduced data and voice/video services, while LANs and Wi-Fi networks evolved offering voice and video services. Following these developments, the demands for larger bandwidth and coverage area in the access segment increased and led to optical-access networking solutions using passive optical networks (PONs). With two wavelengths for the upstream/downstream transmissions over tree topology, PONs use TDM for the downstream transmission to the users and TDMA in the upstream with the dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) scheme. This chapter focuses on PONs, presenting the building blocks and MAC protocols using appropriate DBA schemes. Finally, the chapter presents various PON standards: EPON, GPON, 10G EPON, and XG-PON. (144 words)

scholarly journals Techno-economics of Optical Access Network Sharing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afraz
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Optical Access Networks ◽  
Network Infrastructure ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Optical Access Network ◽  
Network Sharing

Several parallel trends, including the growing number of Internet reliant devices/services, increasing Internet penetration rates, and the continuing popularity of bandwidth-hungry multimedia content contribute to the exponential surge of Internet traffic. The combination of these trends could imply a considerable increase in network infrastructure investment for the telecom and broadband operators. In addition, the high cost of initial investment could escalate the market barriers to entry for the innovative service providers incapable of deploying their own network infrastructure. In this dissertation, we explore if and how enabling optical access network sharing could cultivate new network ownership and business models that simultaneously keep the end-user subscription fees low and facilitate the market entry for the smaller service providers. We aim to identify and address the technological and economic barriers of optical access network sharing. The broad scope of this dissertation concerns the inter-operator sharing of optical access networks which connect the end-users to the operators' network in the last-mile. The access segment of the communications network is recognized to be the most costly due to its deployment scale. Therefore, a reduction in cost in the access will have a multi-fold impact on the overall capital expenditure for network deployments. The dissertation focuses in particular on PONs as the most widespread type of optical access networks. The central argument of the present research is that network infrastructure/resource sharing has the potential to reduce the capital and operational expenditure of the network operators. This will allow for more competition as the market entrance cost decreases. We first address the lack of tenant operators' adequate control over the shared resources in a multi-tenant PON as a technological barrier. We provide a solution to strengthen the network operators' control over their share of the network in a multi-tenant PON. This is made possible by allowing the operators to schedule the transmission over the network using tailored algorithms to meet their requirements (e.g., latency and throughput). The dissertation argues that providing a virtual (software) instance of the DBA algorithm as opposed to the inflexible hardware implementation first enables the coexistence of various services on the PON and second, improves the overall utilization of the network capacity. While the virtualization of the DBA removes the technical barrier for the inter-operator resource sharing, it does not come with a natural incentive for the operators to share their resources with competitors. Therefore we tackle the lack of incentive for sharing excess network capacity in PON by providing monetary compensation in return for sharing. We model the multi-tenant optical access network with multiple coexisting operators as a market where they can exchange their excess capacity. We propose a sealed-bid multi-item double auction to enable capacity trading between the network operators. Through mathematical proof and market simulation/visualization, we prove that the proposed auction mechanism meets the essential requirements for an economic robust market mechanism (e.g., incentive compatibility, individual rationality, and budget balance). This provides trusted market conduct in the presence of a central authority (e.g., the public infrastructure provider) that all the operators trust.

scholarly journals DCSS Protocol for Data Caching and Sharing Security in a 5G Network

Network ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Ed Kamya Kiyemba Edris ◽  
Mahdi Aiash ◽  
Jonathan Loo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
End Users ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Data Caching ◽  
Pi Calculus

Fifth Generation mobile networks (5G) promise to make network services provided by various Service Providers (SP) such as Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and third-party SPs accessible from anywhere by the end-users through their User Equipment (UE). These services will be pushed closer to the edge for quick, seamless, and secure access. After being granted access to a service, the end-user will be able to cache and share data with other users. However, security measures should be in place for SP not only to secure the provisioning and access of those services but also, should be able to restrict what the end-users can do with the accessed data in or out of coverage. This can be facilitated by federated service authorization and access control mechanisms that restrict the caching and sharing of data accessed by the UE in different security domains. In this paper, we propose a Data Caching and Sharing Security (DCSS) protocol that leverages federated authorization to provide secure caching and sharing of data from multiple SPs in multiple security domains. We formally verify the proposed DCSS protocol using ProVerif and applied pi-calculus. Furthermore, a comprehensive security analysis of the security properties of the proposed DCSS protocol is conducted.

scholarly journals Dynamic Plan Control: An Effective Tool to Manage Demand Considering Mobile Internet Network Congestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
Jihong Zhang ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Zhou He ◽  
Jonas Nebel
Keyword(s):  
Programming Problem ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Potential Customers

Rapidly increasing mobile data traffic have placed a significant burden on mobile Internet networks. Due to limited network capacity, a mobile network is congested when it handles too much data traffic simultaneously. In turn, some customers leave the network, which induces a revenue loss for the mobile service provider. To manage demand and maximize revenue, we propose a dynamic plan control method for the mobile service providers under connection-speed-restriction pricing. This method allows the mobile service provider to dynamically set the data plans’ availability for potential customers’ new subscriptions. With dynamic plan control, the service provider can adjust data network utilization and achieve high customer satisfaction and a low churn rate, which reflect high service supply chain performance. To find the optimal control policy, we transform the high-dimensional dynamic programming problem into an equivalent mixed integer linear programming problem. We find that dynamic plan control is an effective tool for managing demand and increasing revenue in the long term. Numerical evaluation with a large European mobile service provider further supports our conclusion. Furthermore, when network capacity or potential customers’ willingness to join the network changes, the dynamic plan control method generates robust revenue for the service provider.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF TELECOM SERVICE PROVIDERS IN HARYANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 709-719
Author(s):  
RAMESH C. HOODA, DR. VIKAS TYAGI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Telecom Service

Objective of the study is to make a comparative analysis of customer satisfaction of different Telecom Service Providers in Haryana along with identification of factors which influence customer satisfaction. After completing extensive literature review, eight attributes  namely ‘attractive offers’, ‘using advanced technology’, ‘mobile provider being friendly’, ‘reliability’, ‘promptness of response’,  ‘it delivers promises, it makes’, ‘availability’ and ‘network’ are identified influencing customers satisfaction. Survey method was adopted for the study. 250 respondents of different TSP’s covering all Telecom Districts in Haryana. SPSS 21.0 was applied for analysis of the collected data. Statistical tools namely Descriptive Analysis, Frequency Analysis, Cross-Tabs Analysis and One Way ANOVA were used in the research study. After systematic analysis and findings of the study, it is found that highest percentage of respondents are satisfied with the attributes namely ‘attractive offers’, ‘mobile provider being friendly’, ‘availability’ and ‘network’ of Airtel along with ‘reliability’ and ‘it delivers promises, it makes’ of Vodafone-Idea, ‘promptness of response’ of BSNL and ‘using advanced technology’ of Reliance-Jio. It is also revealed from the study that Airtel is required to improve ‘reliability’ and ‘availability’ of its mobile networks. Vodafone-Idea needs to improve upon the attributes ‘attractive offers’, ‘using advanced technology’, ‘mobile provider being friendly’ and ‘network’. BSNL may further improve ‘promptness of response’ and Reliance-Jio needs to show improvement about ‘it delivers promises, it makes’. It is concluded from the research study that services of Airtel are preferred by maximum percentage of respondents.

Optical fibers for optical networking

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Refi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Networking

scholarly journals Optimization of the Return Link Carrier Planning for a Constant Coding and Modulation Satellite Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lacoste ◽  
N. Maturo ◽  
S. Chatzinotas ◽  
L. Emiliani
Keyword(s):  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Satellite Network ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we propose an approach to optimize the frequency plan and associated bandwidth allocation in the return link of a broadband satellite network, by exploring several design techniques for carrier allocation plans. Since bandwidth is a limited resource in satellite telecommunications, the minimization of bandwidth usage is a core issue that satellite communication service providers must solve, in particular for networks using a constant coding and modulation plan, which lacks the flexibility found in newer satellite communication products and can be subject to hardware constraints. This problematic led us to raise the following question: how can the long term bandwidth requirement of the network be minimized, given a set of ground terminals, of Modulations and Codings, and of discrete bandwidths. In this document we formally define the long-term carrier allocation problem and analyze current practical solutions. We subsequently investigate two other potential solutions, found to be more bandwidth-efficient: one based on heuristics and another based on integer linear programming. Finally, we look at the impact of several parameters on the performance of those three methods. Overall we observed marginal reductions in bandwidth, however significant gains were reached for networks with small return links with low committed information rate, a case in which some constant coding and modulation networks could fall. We concluded that those networks could benefit from our methods and see a significant reduction in bandwidth, and subsequently operational costs, at low implementation costs.

scholarly journals Improving V2X-6G network capacity using a new UAV-based approach in a Cloud/ICN architecture, case Study: VANET network

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Abdeslam Houari ◽  
Tomader Mazri
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Intelligent Environment ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
On The Road

6G of mobile networks plays a crucial role in improving the capacity and enhancing the quality of services of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) based networks evolving in an intelligent environment. VANET is a promising project in the intelligent transportation field using V2X communications. The emergence of several 5G and 6G technologies has raised several challenges for scientists and researchers to allow vehicles and road users to enjoy several services while ensuring their safety on the road. Among these technologies, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which can perform different tasks for road users and vehicle drivers such as data caching, packet relaying and processing. In this article, we present a new approach based on 6G Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology on a vehicular cloud architecture while exploiting the exchange support of information-centric networking (ICN) for the improvement of network capacity.

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