Authoritarian Regionalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-65
Author(s):  
Anastassia V. Obydenkova ◽  
Alexander Libman
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Important Argument ◽  
Definition Of

The goal of this chapter is to present the main elements of our theoretical argument. Departing from existing studies, the chapter introduces a new theory called “authoritarian regionalism” and derives hypotheses from this. The chapter provides a definition of the NDROs (authoritarian regionalism) and then identifies several areas where these organizations should be different from their democratic counterparts: heterogeneity of membership, power distribution, and governance. This chapter also discusses the most important argument of the book: authoritarian regionalisms’ ability to contribute to the consolidation of autocracies. The chapter presents the main mechanisms which can be used for this purpose, discusses whether NDROs possess their own actorness, and analyzes the limits for autocracy promotion by authoritarian regional organizations.

Medicine and Empathy in Contemporary British Fiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Illness Experience ◽  
Contemporary Fiction ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Night Time ◽  
British Fiction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relations Of Power

This book offers a critique of the dominant understanding and deployment of empathy in the mainstream medical humanities. Drawing on feminist theory, it positions empathy not as something that one has or lacks, and needs to accrue, but as something that one does and that is embedded within structural, institutional and cultural relations of power. It aims to provide a critically informed definition of empathy, drawing on phenomenology, in order to counter the vagueness of the term as it has often been used. It questions, too, the assumption that empathy is limited to the clinical relation, looking to a broader and more encompassing definition of the ‘medical’. Combining theoretical argument with literary case studies of Mark Haddon’s The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, Pat Barker’s Life Class, Ian McEwan’s Saturday, Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love and Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go, this book contends that contemporary fiction is not a vehicle for accessing another’s illness experience, but itself engages critically with the question of empathy and its limits. The volume marks a key contribution to the rapidly evolving field of the critical medical humanities.

scholarly journals OBSERVAÇÕES CRÍTICAS SOBRE UMA RESENHA DE GUIDO IMAGUIRE DA OBRA: ESTRUTURA E SER. UM QUADRO REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO PARA UMA FILOSOFIA SISTEMÁTICA

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (126) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Lorenz B. Puntel
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Structures ◽  
Justified Belief ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
Systematic Philosophy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Important Argument ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ontological Theory

Este artigo responde pormenorizadamente às críticas feitas por G. Imaguire em sua resenha do livro indicado no título (= ES). Trata-se principalmente de nove temas respectivamente teses de caráter central para a concepção exposta no livro. O presente artigo analisa cada um destes temas, em parte corrigindo erros de apresentação e de interpretação e em todos os casos respondendo às objeções de Imaguire. Trata-se dos seguintes temas/teses: (1) Para esclarecer o estatuto das sentenças filosóficas, ES propõe uma teoria dos três operadores que explicitam o caráter de sentenças: são estes o operador teórico, o operador prático e o operador estético. O artigo esclarece o sentido exato desta teoria. (2) ES apresenta uma nova definição de saber/conhecimento em oposição direta à já famosa definição “knowledge is true justified belief” articulada por E. Gettier. (3) ES defende uma concepção de orientação ontológica das estruturas formais fundamentais (lógicas e matemáticas); estas são esclarecidas. (4) Em ES é exposta e defendida uma nova concepção de ontologia em perfeita conformidade com a semântica de uma linguagem filosófica transparente; esta ontologia exclui o conceito de “substância” e critica o uso do conceito de “objeto”. (5) ES expõe uma nova teoria semântico-ontológica da verdade que tem como consequência um relativismo moderado da verdade. (6) ES formula um argumento muito especial contra o fisicalismo; o artigo explica pormenorizadamente este argumento. (7) A concepção exposta em ES afirma que o cristianismo, em virtude do caráter racional e teórico da teologia que o explicita, constitui, em oposição a outras religiões, uma temática com prioridade de importância e atenção para o filósofo sistemático. Neste artigo esta tese é explicada e defendida contra interpretações erradas. (8) O oitavo tema é a grande questão posta pelo conceito de mundo no contexto das relações entre teorias filosóficas e teorias científicas. O artigo esclarece uma série de mal-entendidos a respeito deste grande tema. (9) Finalmente, com relação a um argumento-chave que ES apresenta para fundamentar a tese que, por razões sistemáticas, se deve admitir uma dimensão absolutamente necessária do Ser, o artigo demonstra que a resenha comete um muito grave erro de interpretação, baseando neste erro uma crítica infundada ao argumento. O artigo esclarece extensamente o argumento, suas pressuposições e suas consequências.Abstract: This article is a detailed answer to G. Imaguire’s criticisms of the book Structure and Being: A Theoretical Framework for a Systematic Philosophy (hence referred as ES). Imaguire focuses on nine topics that are central to the book. The present article analyses each one of these theses, sometimes correcting errors made and misrepresentations introduced by Imaguire, and in all cases, responding to Imaguire’s objections. The theses are the following: (1) In order to clarify the status of theoretical sentences occurring in philosophical works, ES presents a theory about the three operators that make explicit the statuses of three mutually irreducible kinds of sentence: the theoretical operator, the practical operator, and the aesthetic operator. (2) ES offers a new definition of knowledge in significant opposition to the now-famous definition formulated by E. Gettier, “knowledge is true justified belief.” (3) ES defends an ontologically oriented conception of the fundamental formal (logical and mathematical) structures. (4) In ES, a new ontology is propounded in strong conformity with the semantics of a transparent philosophical language. This ontology rejects the category of substance and criticizes the widely used concept of object. (5) ES presents a completely new semantico-ontological theory of truth. One of its consequences is a moderate relativism with respect to truth. (6) ES presents a unique argument against physicalism; this article elaborates on it. (7) ES considers the phenomenon of religion and states that, due to its rational and theoretical theology, Christian religion, in opposition to other religions, provides a uniquely promising resource for philosophical considerations. (8) ES extensively thematizes the concept of world in connection with the problem of the relationship between philosophy and science. (9) Finally, ES develops the main features of a theory of Being as such and as a whole. ES offers especially an important argument on behalf of the thesis that the universal dimension of Being must be conceived of as two-dimensional: as the dimension of absolutely necessary Being and the dimension of contingent beings. This article reconstructs the exact meaning of the argument and explains its presuppositions and consequences.

scholarly journals Topological susceptibility with a single light quark flavour

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 14017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Frison ◽  
Ryuichiro Kitano ◽  
Norikazu Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Quark Mass ◽  
Continuum Limit ◽  
Light Quark ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Up Quark ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Quark Flavour ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Continuum

One of the historical suggestions to tackle the strong CP problem is to take the up quark mass to zero while keeping md finite. The θ angle is then supposed to become irrelevant, i.e. the topological susceptibility vanishes. However, the definition of the quark mass is scheme-dependent and identifying the mu = 0 point is not trivial, in particular with Wilson-like fermions. More specifically, up to our knowledge there is no theoretical argument guaranteeing that the topological susceptibility exactly vanishes when the PCAC mass does. We will present our recent progresses on the empirical check of this property using Nf = 1 + 2 flavours of clover fermions, where the lightest fermion is tuned very close to [see formula in PDF] and the mass of the other two is kept of the order of magnitude of the physical ms. This choice is indeed expected to amplify any unknown non-perturbative effect caused by mu ≠ md. The simulation is repeated for several βs and those results, although preliminary, give a hint about what happens in the continuum limit.

Regional Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-67
Author(s):  
Tan Hsien-Li
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Member States ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship that Asia-Pacific regional and sub-regional organizations have with international law, looking at seven international organizations that span the region. It is commonly believed that the member states of Asia-Pacific regional organizations prefer less formalized institutions and fewer binding commitments. Conventional reasons for this include their history of colonialism, less legalistic and formalized cultures, and a preference for stricter conceptions of sovereignty. As such, their organizations are often perceived as less effective. However, the effectiveness of Asia-Pacific regional institutions should not be judged by one uniform standard. Instead they should be judged on their own definition of effectiveness. There should be a broader understanding that Asia-Pacific states consciously use and participate in their regional organizations differently than in other regions, and they may prefer less institutionalized models as these serve their purposes better and can still be successful.

Collective Security

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Abass
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The term collective security in a general sense is given many understandings both professional and nonprofessional. The phrase is sometimes used to describe the organization of security on a “collective” basis. Often, it is used to denote the “collective organization” of security. While neither of these uses is inherently wrong, neither succinctly captures what “collective security” implies when used by international lawyers. In international law, collective security is a term connoting something more dense and intricate, and much more slippery, than the above more straightforward expressions. The notion of collective security, its premise, and objectives are deeply contested by states and scholars. It is universally acknowledged that collective security is today organized under the United Nations; however, regional organizations, which used to focus primarily on economic matters, have attained greater prominence in collective security efforts especially since the end of the Cold War. This article examines the definition of collective security, its features and objectives, the actors that have the responsibility for operating it globally and regionally, its various manifestations, its limitations and, above all, its role in future.

UNAMID: A Path Towards Hybrid Peacekeeping?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Thó Monteiro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
African Union ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Hybrid Operation ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT In 2007, the United Nations - African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) was established as the first joint peacekeeping operation (PKO) of the United Nations (UN), with the African Union (AU) in Darfur, Sudan, which became known as the first hybrid PKO, bringing together two of the largest international organizations and taking over AMIS (African Union Mission in Sudan). In this paper, we want to understand the purpose of this bilateral relationship, since this hybrid operation opened a window of opportunity for future operations to adopt this typology. Firstly, the responsibility of managing certain conflicts is distributed among other regional organizations, giving them more autonomy and responsibility. Secondly, the “burden” – human and financial – of the UN is somehow eased. To this end, we will gather and process the data relating to the strengths and weaknesses of this PKO typology, with the help of a SWOT analysis, to find clues and bring evidence to light that demonstrate the possibility of this model being replicated in future situations, while respecting the due differences inherent to each mission and each country and region. We concluded that the hybridization of more PKOs could be a reality, albeit dependent on a greater investment by regional organizations in adapting to UN procedures, namely through diverse types of training. In addition, it will always be necessary a prior and careful analysis regarding the implementation of a PKO of this typology, with a concrete and clear definition of the roles of each organization. KEYWORDS: hybrid peacekeeping; United Nations; peacekeeping operations; UNAMID; African Union.

scholarly journals Beyond identity: Membership norms and regional organization

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Regional Organization ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

What is a region and how can we best understand a state’s eligibility for membership in a regional political community? Scholars have sought to answer these questions in terms of geographic proximity and social-psychological identity, but neither concept can accommodate the contestation and change that characterize the social construction of regions. Instead, this article argues that the limits of regions are defined within regional organizations by member states’ governments plus supranational actors deliberating over a common definition of the characteristics that members and potential members are expected to share. The concept of membership norms thus offers powerful insights into how regional communities define who is eligible for membership, how these definitions change over time and the incentives they create for those seeking to promote or block an applicant state. The evolution of the European Union’s membership norms since the 1950s illustrates this argument.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anastassia V. Obydenkova ◽  
Alexander Libman
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Key Terms

The introductory chapter provides an overview of the issues discussed in the book and sets the framework and logic of analysis presented in the subsequent chapters. It summarizes the importance of the topics discussed, as well as the book’s motivation and its contribution to the literature and methodology. It formulates the two main research questions of the book: whether non-democratic regional organizations are different from democratic ones in terms of governance and membership and whether non-democratic regional organizations contribute to authoritarian consolidation at the national level. It outlines the structure of the book and sketches the main ideas of each chapter. It then sets out the terminology and vocabulary used throughout the book as well as the definition of the key terms.

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