UNAMID: A Path Towards Hybrid Peacekeeping?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Thó Monteiro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
African Union ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Hybrid Operation ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT In 2007, the United Nations - African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) was established as the first joint peacekeeping operation (PKO) of the United Nations (UN), with the African Union (AU) in Darfur, Sudan, which became known as the first hybrid PKO, bringing together two of the largest international organizations and taking over AMIS (African Union Mission in Sudan). In this paper, we want to understand the purpose of this bilateral relationship, since this hybrid operation opened a window of opportunity for future operations to adopt this typology. Firstly, the responsibility of managing certain conflicts is distributed among other regional organizations, giving them more autonomy and responsibility. Secondly, the “burden” – human and financial – of the UN is somehow eased. To this end, we will gather and process the data relating to the strengths and weaknesses of this PKO typology, with the help of a SWOT analysis, to find clues and bring evidence to light that demonstrate the possibility of this model being replicated in future situations, while respecting the due differences inherent to each mission and each country and region. We concluded that the hybridization of more PKOs could be a reality, albeit dependent on a greater investment by regional organizations in adapting to UN procedures, namely through diverse types of training. In addition, it will always be necessary a prior and careful analysis regarding the implementation of a PKO of this typology, with a concrete and clear definition of the roles of each organization. KEYWORDS: hybrid peacekeeping; United Nations; peacekeeping operations; UNAMID; African Union.

Partnerships in un Peacekeeping

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Grenfell
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
African Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The United Nations

The United Nations is increasingly working together in partnership with regional organizations, in particular the African Union and the European Union, to carry out tasks related to the maintenance of international peace and security. As more attention is paid to the comparative advantages of working together with partners in the field of peacekeeping operations, and these partnerships become increasingly integrated and coordinated to meet the needs on the ground, questions arise as to how the United Nations and its partners deal with issues of responsibility in connection with the conduct of these operations. This article examines the policy and practice of the United Nations regarding the use of partnerships in peacekeeping operations, including the legal framework that applies in respect of issues of responsibility. It concludes with some general observations regarding the challenges of addressing responsibility in this context.

scholarly journals United Nations - African Union Cooperation In Conflict Prevention, Peacekeeping and Peacebuildin

2015 ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
L. I. Romadan ◽  
V. A. Shagalov
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
African Union ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Nations

The article addresses the cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations, in particular the African Union in the sphere of security and settlement of conflicts. Over the last decade the role of the AU and sub regional organizations has dramatically increased. Through its agencies of ensuring peace and security the African Union is making significant contribution to strengthening stability and promotion of democracy and human rights in Africa. In the beginning of the article authors make a review of the level of security on the African continent and stress the sharpest conflict zones. According to researches one of the most turbulent regions on continent in terms of security is the North-East Africa. Continuing quarter-century war in Somalia, conflict relations between Somalia and Ethiopia, the border crises between Ethiopia and Eritrea, which in the late 20th century turned into the war between the two countries, finally, the number of armed clashes in Sudan attracted the special attention to the region of the entire world community. Authors pay the main attention to the cooperation between the United Nations and the African Union in the sphere of settling regional conflicts and holding peacekeeping operations. In the article the main mechanisms and methods that are used by the United Nations and the African Union to hold peacekeeping operations are analyzed in details. The situation in Somalia and efforts of the United Nations and the African Union that are making towards stabilization in this country are also studied. Authors reveal the basic elements and make a review of the mixed multicomponent peacekeeping operation of the United Nations and the African Union in Sudan. In the conclusion authors stress the measures that could strengthen the strategic cooperation between the United Nations and the African union. According to the authors the most important task is to solve problems of financing joint peacekeeping operations quickly and effectively.

Responsibility of the United Nations for the Activities of Private Military and Security Companies in Peacekeeping Operations: In Need of a New International Instrument

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-187
Author(s):  
Jessica Pressler
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
World Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Security Companies

This chapter deals with the rising deployment of private military and security companies (pmscs) in peacekeeping operations of the United Nations and the demand for an increased willingness on part of the international organisation to take on responsibility for potential wrongdoings by its contracted personnel. It aims to demonstrate that the un is vested with a legal obligation to ensure that the conduct of private contractors under its command complies with obligations under international law and identifies possibilities to formulate a new regulatory framework in light of the recent Montreux Process and the Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations. The chapter further outlines ways for remedial mechanisms for potential victims of pmsc peacekeeper wrongdoings and offers an insight into the general tension between the organization’s immunity and its accountability. While the un’s reliance on pmscs in peacekeeping operations is an efficient mean to secure troops, it must go hand in hand with the compliance of international legal obligations and institutional responsibility so as to ensure its legitimacy and credibility as a world organization mandated to maintain peace and security and to respect human rights.

Part VIII International Institutional Law, Ch.45 Membership and Representation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Stephen ◽  
Trengove Stadler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
African Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technical Function ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter explains the membership practices in international organizations (IOs). It focuses on criteria for membership, rights and obligations of membership, suspension, expulsion, and withdrawal. In addition to setting out the legal criteria in an international organization's constitutive treaty relating to membership, it also discusses how these criteria have been applied in practice and how decisions that are political in nature have been made within the established institutional and legal framework. The chapter focuses on three different types of IOs: the universal, represented by the United Nations (UN); the regional, such as the European Union (EU) and African Union (AU), where membership is restricted to countries from a particular geographic area; and the specialized agencies which, while fulfilling a limited and technical function, are often open to universal membership.

Collective Security

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Abass
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The term collective security in a general sense is given many understandings both professional and nonprofessional. The phrase is sometimes used to describe the organization of security on a “collective” basis. Often, it is used to denote the “collective organization” of security. While neither of these uses is inherently wrong, neither succinctly captures what “collective security” implies when used by international lawyers. In international law, collective security is a term connoting something more dense and intricate, and much more slippery, than the above more straightforward expressions. The notion of collective security, its premise, and objectives are deeply contested by states and scholars. It is universally acknowledged that collective security is today organized under the United Nations; however, regional organizations, which used to focus primarily on economic matters, have attained greater prominence in collective security efforts especially since the end of the Cold War. This article examines the definition of collective security, its features and objectives, the actors that have the responsibility for operating it globally and regionally, its various manifestations, its limitations and, above all, its role in future.

Saving Darfur

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Marina E. Henke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
African Union ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter assesses how the United Nations, in cooperation with the African Union, formed one of the largest and most expensive peacekeeping operations ever deployed to stop the bloodshed in Darfur. The operation took the name United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID). The United States initiated and orchestrated the most important political aspects that made the deployment of UNAMID possible. At the United Nations, the United States was intimately involved in the drafting and negotiation of UN resolutions pertaining to the Darfur issue and prodded various UN Security Council members to support the respective resolutions. Once UNAMID was approved by the UN Security Council, the United States was deeply involved in recruiting UNAMID participants. Some countries—such as Egypt, China, Canada, and Ethiopia—had a political stake in the Darfur conflict and thus volunteered forces to deploy to Darfur. Nevertheless, the large majority of countries did not join UNAMID on their own initiative. Rather, they were wooed into the coalition by the United States. U.S. officials thereby followed specific practices to recruit these troops. Many of these practices exploited diplomatic embeddedness: U.S. officials used preexisting ties to ascertain the deployment preferences of potential recruits and constructed issue linkages and side payments. The United States was assisted in the UNAMID coalition-building process by UN staff, most notably from the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UNDPKO).

Challenges and Prospects of au-un Hybrid Operations

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Bashua
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
African Union ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Work Habits ◽  
Hybrid Operation ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
International Peacekeeping

Hybrid operations between regional organisations and the United Nations is a new paradigm in international peacekeeping. The only such operation so far is the African Union-United Nations Operations in Darfur (unamid). Serving two separate authorizing bodies with different though similar mandates and differing work habits and processes have been a challenge, not only to the two authorising bodies but particularly for the leadership of the hybrid operation. After more than five years of operations, this paper attempts to assess the chances of replication of similar operations in the short-term given the unamid experience.

‘Triangular’ Relationships between the United Nations and African Regional and Sub-regional Organizations in Maintaining Peace

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-345
Author(s):  
Emanuele Cimiotta
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Political Control ◽  
African Union ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Triangular Relationships

Over the past few years, the relationships between the United Nations (‘un’), regional and sub-regional organizations in maintaining peace and security in Africa have evolved. The African Union (‘au’) began coordinating enforcement actions conducted by African sub-regional organizations with the authorisation of the un Security Council (‘unsc’), which maintained its political control over them. The un Charter and relevant legal regimes of those organizations seem to allow this kind of relationship. Such a trend may explain, in part, the unsc’s most recent practice of authorising regional and sub-regional enforcement actions under Chapter vii of the un Charter, instead of Chapter viii. In carrying out those authorised military operations, African regional and/or sub-regional organizations perform their own statutory powers and pursue their own statutory objectives at the continental level. They do not act as ‘decentralised organs’ of the un.

Part 2 The United Nations: What it is, 16 United Nations Privileges and Immunities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higgins Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC ◽  
Webb Philippa ◽  
Akande Dapo ◽  
Sivakumaran Sandesh ◽  
Sloan James
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Member States ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
International Criminal Tribunals ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
International Character

International organizations like the United Nations (UN) require certain privileges and immunities from national jurisdictions for the effective performance of their tasks. These privileges and immunities are granted to preserve the independence of the UN from its member states and to secure the international character of the organization. This chapter discusses the sources of privileges and immunities; reasons for the conferral of privileges and immunities; privileges and immunities of the organization, representatives of member states, officials of the organization, and experts on mission; abuse, waiver, and settlement of disputes regarding privileges and immunities; privileges and immunities during peacekeeping operations; and immunities of international organizations and the jurisdiction of international criminal tribunals.

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