Pretext

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Altschuler ◽  
Fernando J. Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Human History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The Moon is no longer the “in” thing. We see it as often as the Sun and give it little thought—we’ve become indifferent. However, the Moon does reflect more than just sunlight. The nomenclature of lunar craters holds up a mirror to an important aspect of human history. Of the 1586 lunar craters that have been named honoring philosophers and scientists, only 28 honor a woman. These 28 women of the Moon present us with an opportunity to meditate about this gap, but perhaps more significantly, they offer us an opportunity to talk about their lives, mostly unknown today. The women of the moon tell us stories of love, sorrow, and courage, of remarkable scientific achievements realized through perseverance, and of tragedies triggered by circumstances.

INTRODUCTION

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Urban Archaeology ◽  
The Moon ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Temple

This is the twenty-fifth Special Section published in Ancient Mesoamerica, and therefore it represents something of a milestone in the history of the journal. The goal has been to present in each special section a collection of related papers from a single project or region or on a selected topic to provide readers a tightly integrated summary of current research and interpretations. Certainly one of the most compelling and provocative special sections we have published was “Urban Archaeology at Teotihuacan” which appeared in vol. 2, no. 1 (1991). This collection of papers featured two stunning articles on the Feathered Serpent Pyramid, then often referred to as the Temple of Quetzalcoatl. Constructed in the early third century A.D., the Feathered Serpent Pyramid, along with the Sun Pyramid and the Moon Pyramid, was one of the three most powerful monuments in the sacred urban landscape of Teotihuacan. Rubén Cabrera Castro, Saburo Sugiyama, and George L. Cowgill (1991) reported on excavations in the 1980s of the Feathered Serpent Pyramid and the investigation of more than 137 sacrificial burials, including more than 70 males identified as soldiers because of associated offerings, discovered at the base of and underneath the pyramid. In the second article, Alfredo López Austin, Leonardo López Luján, and Saburo Sugiyama (1991) presented their brilliant iconographic analysis of the sculptural facades of the Feathered Serpent Pyramid, arguing that the monumental structure was dedicated to the myth of the origin of time and calendric succession, a tangible cosmogonic proclamation that Teotihuacan was “the place where time began.”

Craters and Tsunamis

Impact! ◽  
1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit L. Verschuur
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Moon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Near Earth Asteroids ◽  
Lunar Basins ◽  
Rare Situation

Until the lunar explorations began in earnest in the 1960s, the Barringer crater in Arizona was believed to be one of the few, if not the only, impact crater on earth. Before the moon landings, many scientists thought that lunar craters were volcanic in origin and that the moon might be covered in a layer of volcanic dust meters thick so that astronauts would sink up to their eyeballs when disembarking from their space capsules. A pleasant sense of relief greeted the news that the first unmanned lunar spacecraft did not disappear into the dust. For a century or more it was doubted that lunar craters were produced by impacts because it was assumed that such craters would seldom be circular. It seemed obvious that circular craters could only be produced by objects falling straight down, a rare situation, since meteorites are likely to approach from random directions, especially on the moon where there is no atmosphere to slow them down before impact. W. M. Smart in 1928 stated this explicitly: “Objections to lunar craters being caused by meteors is that the craters are round and there is no a priori reason why meteors should fall vertically and in no other direction.” He also shuddered at the notion that the impactors would have to be as large as asteroids to create the lunar basins. At about the same time, Thomas Chamberlin ruled out impacts on the moon because there was no evidence for an appropriate population of objects anywhere in the solar system that could have made the craters That was in 1928 when near-earth asteroids had not yet been found, and when little was known about the history of the moon or the formation of the solar system. Richard A. Proctor in 1896, however, had concluded that because so many meteors continued to fall to earth that the planet and the solar system were still forming. To him, this made more sense than to blame the formation of the planets on “the creative fiats of the Almighty.” There is merit to his point of view, because today’s bombardment merely represents a faint, ongoing manifestation of the process of accretion that assembled the planets in the first place.

scholarly journals Pembelajaran Kalender Islam Tematik untuk Anak Sekolah Dasar

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Fahmi Fatwa Rosyadi Satria Hamdani ◽  
Encep Abdul Rojak
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Gregorian Calendar ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Calculation System ◽  
Thematic Learning

Calendar is one of the human's masterpiece in studying the regularity of the movement of celestial bodies such as the Sun, Earth and Moon. In Indonesia, generally found the Gregorian calendar that based on the movement of the sun and the Islamic calendar / Hijra with the motion of the Moon. Therefore, in an effort to introduce Islamic calendar to the society, researchers held a thematic learning about the Islamic calendar to children, in the activities of Ramadan Stars Camp (RSC) Imah Noong. The aim is to provide an introduction and understanding to the children about the Islamic calendar in the concept called “eduwisata”. This is done by the researchers so that children do not feel bored when presented materials related to the Islamic calendar. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis which researchers take the data in the form of a questionnaire to participants, then processed, classified, and conclusions. The results of this study are mostly children who participated in the RSC can find out about the history of Islamic calendar, the legal basis, the calculation system, and the names of the months in Islamic calendar system.

scholarly journals The Orientation of the Kofun Tombs

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Norma Camilla Baratta ◽  
Giulio Magli ◽  
Arianna Picotti
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mythical Origin

The Kofun period of the history of Japan—between the 3rd and the 7th century AD—bears its name from the construction of huge, earth mound tombs called Kofun. Among them, the largest have a keyhole shape and are attributed to the first, semi-legendary emperors. The study of the orientation of ancient tombs is usually a powerful tool to better understand the cognitive aspects of religion and power in ancient societies. This study has never been carried out in Japan due to the very large number of Kofun and to the fact that access to the perimeter is usually forbidden. For these reasons, to investigate Kofun orientations, simple tools of satellite imagery are used here. Our results strongly point to a connection of all Kofun entrance corridors with the arc of the sky where the Sun and the Moon are visible every day of the year; additionally, these show an orientation of the keyhole Kofun to the arc of the rising/shining Sun, the goddess that the Japanese emperors put at the mythical origin of their dynasty.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

Modelling Lunar Extremes

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fisher ◽  
Lionel Sims
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Landscape Context ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon

Claims first made over half a century ago that certain prehistoric monuments utilised high-precision alignments on the horizon risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon have recently resurfaced. While archaeoastronomy early on retreated from these claims, as a way to preserve the discipline in an academic boundary dispute, it did so without a rigorous examination of Thom’s concept of a “lunar standstill”. Gough’s uncritical resurrection of Thom’s usage of the term provides a long-overdue opportunity for the discipline to correct this slippage. Gough (2013), in keeping with Thom (1971), claims that certain standing stones and short stone rows point to distant horizon features which allow high-precision alignments on the risings and settings of the Sun and the Moon dating from about 1700 BC. To assist archaeoastronomy in breaking out of its interpretive rut and from “going round in circles” (Ruggles 2011), this paper evaluates the validity of this claim. Through computer modelling, the celestial mechanics of horizon alignments are here explored in their landscape context with a view to testing the very possibility of high-precision alignments to the lunar extremes. It is found that, due to the motion of the Moon on the horizon, only low-precision alignments are feasible, which would seem to indicate that the properties of lunar standstills could not have included high-precision markers for prehistoric megalith builders.

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