The orbitofrontal cortex, depression, and other mental disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund T. Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

An approach to depression is described, in which there is over-sensitivity of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex non-reward attractor system, and under-sensitivity of the medial orbitofrontal cortex reward system. Many functional connectivities involving the lateral orbitofrontal cortex are increased in depression, and many functional connectivities involving the medial orbitofrontal cortex are decreased in depression. Involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in bipolar disorder, autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and compulsivity including obsessive-compulsive disorder, is also described.

scholarly journals Methylphenidate-induced Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Author(s):  
Sharath Vishwaraj
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Childhood Psychiatric Disorders

ABSTRACT Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. It is most often treated with methylphenidate (MPH). A 6-year-old male with ADHD was started on MPH. He developed severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which lasted for 1 day and was self-limiting. There was complete remission on stopping MPH, without any specific treatment for OCD. How to cite this article Bavle A, Vishwaraj S. Methylphenidate- induced Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Med Sci 2016;2(1):21-22.

Does Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Impact the Clinical Expression of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Geller ◽  
Barbara Coffey ◽  
Stephen Faraone ◽  
Lisa Hagermoser ◽  
Noreen K. Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Comorbid Adhd ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWhat is the impact of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the phenotypic expression of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We examined phenotypic features, and functional and clinical correlates in youths with OCD, with and without comorbid ADHD, from a large sample of consecutively referred pediatric psychiatry patients. Although comorbid ADHD had no meaningful impact on the phenotypic expression or clinical correlates of OCD, it was associated with higher rates of compromised educational functioning compared with other OCD youths. Our findings suggest that the OCD phenotype runs true and is not impacted by comorbid ADHD in youths diagnosed with both OCD and ADHD. In such affected youths, both disorders contribute to morbid dysfunction and require treatment. More work is needed to determine whether OCD plus ADHD represents a developmentally and etiologically distinct form of the OCD syndrome.

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