Black Fungus: A Lethal Communal Issue After Winning the Life Battle Against COVID-19

The authors aimed to give a quick reference guide for humanity about the new threat even after the COVID-19 health battle i.e., the Black fungus also baptized as Mucormycosis infection. After recovering from COVID-19, patients with diabetes mellitus and patients who have undergone steroidal treatment are more prone to black fungus infection. This review gives quick information about various types of Mucormycosis infections, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of black fungus. The things that can be and cannot be done to eradicate the black fungus. Any sign of black nasal mucosa/sputum, fever, headache, hazy/blurred/double vision with eye pain, loss of one side sensation on face and loss in the sensation while chewing, etc., then it should not be neglected and immediately intimated to the health professionals and get treated. If black fungus is unidentified early stages and untreated in time, the patients may lose their facial/neck parts as a part of cleaning surgery. The study concludes that by maintaining hygienic conditions, health checkups, and doctors’ advice one can fight and eradicate the black fungus.

Rural-urban disparities in the nutritional status of younger adolescents in Tanzania

Research on geographic differences in health focuses largely on children less than five years; little is known about adolescents—and even less regarding younger adolescents—a vulnerable group at a critical stage of the life course. Africa’s rapid population growth and urbanization rates, coupled with stagnant rates of undernutrition, further indicate the need for country-specific data on rural-urban health disparities to inform development policies. This study examined rural-urban disparities in body mass index-for-age-and-sex (BAZ) and height-for-age-and-sex z-scores (HAZ) among younger adolescents in Tanzania. Participants were randomly selected adolescents aged 10–14 years (N = 1,125) residing in Kilosa (rural) and Moshi (urban) districts of Tanzania. Individual and household-level data were collected using surveys and anthropometric data was collected on all adolescents. Age, sex, household living conditions, and assets were self-reported. BAZ and HAZ were calculated using the WHO reference guide. The prevalence of undernutrition was 10.9% among rural and 5.1% among urban adolescents (p<0.001). Similarly, stunting prevalence was greater in rural (64.5%) than urban (3.1%) adolescents (p<0.001). After adjusting for covariates, rural residence was significantly and inversely associated with BAZ (B = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.52, -0.70, p = 0.01), as well as with HAZ (B = -1.79, 95% CI: -2.03, -1.54, p<0.001). Self-identified males had lower BAZ (B = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.11, p<0.001) and HAZ (B = -0.22, 95% CI: -0.35, -0.09, p = 0.001) than self-identified female adolescents. Rural-urban disparities in nutritional status were significant and gendered. Findings confirm place of residence as a key determinant of BAZ and HAZ among younger adolescents in Tanzania. Targeted gender-sensitive interventions are needed to limit growth faltering and improve health outcomes in rural settings.

Mini-Batch k-Means versus k-Means to Cluster English Tafseer Text: View of Al-Baqarah Chapter

Al-Quran is the primary text of Muslims’ religion and practise. Millions of Muslims around the world use al-Quran as their reference guide, and so knowledge can be obtained from it by Muslims and Islamic scholars in general. Al-Quran has been reinterpreted to various languages in the world, for example, English and has been written by several translators. Each translator has ideas, comments and statements to translate the verses from which he has obtained (Tafseer). Therefore, this paper tries to cluster the translation of the Tafseer using text clustering. Text clustering is the text mining method that needs to be clustered in the same section of related documents. The study adapted (mini-batch k-means and k-means) algorithms of clustering techniques to explain and to define the link between keywords known as features or concepts for Al-Baqarah chapter of 286 verses. For this dataset, data preprocessing and extraction of features using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied. Results showed that two/three-dimensional clustering plotting assigning seven cluster categories (k = 7) for the Tafseer. The implementation time of the mini-batch k-means algorithm (0.05485s) outperformed the time of the k-means algorithm (0.23334s). Finally, the features ‘god’, ‘people’, and ‘believe’ was the most frequent features.

H63D-Syndrome: Quick Reference Guide

Herewith the most condensed and at the same time most comprehensible guide to Gene H63D Syndrome is available. It is specifically made for general physicians in primary and family medicine.

P-BN48 Utilising spatial geometry to obtain the ideal needle mount for laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing

Background Intracorporeal suturing is an essential component of any advanced laparoscopic procedure like fundoplication, bypass surgery or common bile duct exploration. Obtaining the appropriate needle mount during suturing can be challenging. Spatial geometry defines points in three-dimensional space. Ergonomics in laparoscopic surgery identifies a manipulation angle of 60o to target as being optimal. This knowledge, in combination with the principles of light reflection can be used to understand needle orientation in laparoscopic suturing. Methods An experiment was designed on a laparoscopic trainer with three participants. Using the principles of spatial geometry and light reflection, four different points were identified on an angle chart and labelled for a right-hand dominant participant as; centre, right off-centre (5.5cm), right lateral (10 cm) and left off-centre (5.5cm). Each participant was instructed to mount the needle at the defined points using light reflection on the needle shaft as a reference guide. Three readings were taken for each position. Mounted angle was defined as the angle between the shaft of needle holder and long axis of the needle. This was measured using a special application and an average value determined for each position. Results The average values for the mounted angle measurements for each spatial position were: Centre(112o), Right off centre(101o), Right lateral (88.8o) and Left off centre (124.6o). Conclusions This study describes a novel and reproducible technique to obtain an ideal needle mount. For a needle mount greater than 100o either the centre position or the left off-centre position should be considered.

Accent in North American Film and Television

Drawing on data from well-known actors in popular films and TV shows, this reference guide surveys the representation of accent in North American film and TV over eight decades. It analyzes the speech of 180 film and television performances from the 1930s to today, looking at how that speech has changed; how it reflects the regional backgrounds, gender, and ethnic ancestry of the actors; and how phonetic variation and change in the 'real world' have been both portrayed in, and possibly influenced by, film and television speech. It also clearly explains the technical concepts necessary for understanding the phonetic analysis of accents. Providing new insights into the role of language in the expression of North American cultural identity, this is essential reading for researchers and advanced students in linguistics, film, television and media studies, and North American studies, as well as the larger community interested in film and television.