Gibbs’ third paper

2020 ◽  
pp. 494-513
Author(s):  
Robert T. Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Phase Rule ◽  
Math And Science ◽  
Famous Paper ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Composite Properties

In his third and most famous paper, Gibbs created chemical potential to enable analysis of equilibrium in multi-species / multi-phase systems, introduced his eponymous phase rule, and developed the conceptual framework for composite properties of matter. By combining math and science, he demonstrated the usefulness of calculus in thermodynamics.

On the use of thermodynamic methods to describe water relations in plants and soil

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Roderick
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Thermodynamic Theory ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Gibbs Theory

Both the existing theory as well as the measurements that have traditionally been used to describe the water relations of plants in thermodynamic terms are not consistent with standard thermodynamic theory. In this article, three main errors are identified: (1) the assumption that the internal energy of a system includes the gravitational potential energy, when it does not; (2) the assumption that water spontaneously moves along gradients of chemical potential, when the Gibbs theory predicts that it would spontaneously move across phase boundaries, so that the chemical potential would be equal in adjacent phases; and (3) the assumption that plants and soil are single-phase systems, when they are in fact multi-phase systems. Examples are used to demonstrate the above errors. Measurements which can be used to separate plant and soil systems into bulk phases (i.e. solid, liquid and gas), which have long been used by wood and soil scientists, are shown to be ideal for the purpose of describing plant and soil systems using thermodynamic methods.

scholarly journals A new paradigm on the chemical potentials of components in multi-component nano-phases within multi-phase systems

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (65) ◽  
pp. 41241-41253 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kaptay
Keyword(s):  
New Paradigm ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Multiphase Systems ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Multi Phase

A new paradigm is offered claiming that the thermodynamic nano-effect in multi-component and multiphase systems is proportional to the increased surface areas of the phases and not to their increased curvatures (as the Kelvin paradigm claims).

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