All for One and One for All

2020 ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Nicholas Mee
Keyword(s):  
Borromean Rings ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
Brunnian Links

Chapter 23 tells the story of the Borromeo family and the origin of the motif on their coat of arms. It is a link known to mathematicians as the Borromean rings. The link is formed of three rings, which cannot be separated although no two of the rings are linked. This motif has a long history. It was known to the Vikings as the Walknot, and is inscribed on the Stora Hammars 1 picture-stone. Some of John Robinson’s abstract geometrical sculptures take the form of the Borromean rings. The mathematician Hermann Brun investigated how the structure of the Borromean rings could be extended to form other links, and these are known as Brunnian links. The emblem of the Principia Discordia—a satirical counter-culture text written in 1963—is a pentagonal Brunnian link formed of five nonagons known as the Mandala Discordia.

CONVEX BRUNNIAN LINKS

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (09) ◽  
pp. 1131-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH NELSON HOWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Borromean Rings ◽  
Convex Curves ◽  
Brunnian Links

We prove that the Borromean Rings are the only Brunnian link of 3 or 4 components that can be built out of convex curves.

Counter culture: Causes, extent and solutions of systematic bias in the analysis of behavioural counts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel L Pick ◽  
Nyil Khwaja ◽  
Michael A. Spence ◽  
Malika Ihle ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
Provisioning Rate ◽  
Parental Provisioning ◽  
Observation Period

We often quantify a behaviour by counting the number of times it occurs within a specific, short observation period. Measuring behaviour in such a way is typically unavoidable but induces error. This error acts to systematically reduce effect sizes, including metrics of particular interest to behavioural and evolutionary ecologists such as R2, repeatability (intra-class correlation, ICC) and heritability. Through introducing a null model, the Poisson process, for modelling the frequency of behaviour, we give a mechanistic explanation of how this problem arises and demonstrate how it makes comparisons between studies and species problematic, because the magnitude of the error depends on how frequently the behaviour has been observed (e.g. as a function of the observation period) as well as how biologically variable the behaviour is. Importantly, the degree of error is predictable and so can be corrected for. Using the example of parental provisioning rate in birds, we assess the applicability of our null model for modelling the frequency of behaviour. We then review recent literature and demonstrate that the error is rarely accounted for in current analyses. We highlight the problems that arise from this and provide solutions. We further discuss the biological implications of deviations from our null model, and highlight the new avenues of research that they may provide. Adopting our recommendations into analyses of behavioural counts will improve the accuracy of estimated effect sizes and allow meaningful comparisons to be made between studies.

scholarly journals Shaping of sustainable citizenship among young people of Kulhudhuffushi, Maldives and Hamilton, New Zealand: context, conditions and experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaaliny Jaufar
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Young People ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Counter Culture

Abstract Background Engagement of young people is essential for achieving sustainable outcomes both locally and in the global context. Democratic processes appear to be the most facilitative mechanism to hold governments to account with governments becoming more receptive to pro-environmental policies when there is input from citizens to do so. While there is concern about a general lack of participation in traditional forms of political processes, particularly among young people, there are those who are carving a space for themselves as active citizens within a system that is often times contradictory to their lives. In this context, this paper looks at the lived experiences of a small sample of active young people in Kulhudhuffushi island of Maldives and Hamilton, New Zealand to examine the contexts and conditions that lead to and sustain these forms of sustainable citizenship. Results In-depth interviews conducted with young people in both locations found similarities within both groups in terms of motivating factors, knowledge and support networks, lifestyle practices, and conceptualisations of citizenship. Early exposure to natural environments, role models and participation in actions and networks helped to create active citizenship, while lack of conducive spaces and cultural attitudes impeded activism. Conclusion The results show that providing opportunities for early interactions with nature, and participation in actions and activist networks is vital for fostering and sustaining active citizenship. Additionally local and national groups and institutions need to facilitate spaces conducive for organising and alternative narratives, as well as promoting a counter culture to the current carbon heavy system. The findings contribute to literature on listening to youth voices in environmental and climate activism.

Dehn surgeries on some classical links

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cavicchioli ◽  
Fulvia Spaggiari ◽  
Agnese Ilaria Telloni
Keyword(s):  
Dehn Surgery ◽  
Fundamental Groups ◽  
Branched Coverings ◽  
Borromean Rings

AbstractWe consider orientable closed connected 3-manifolds obtained by performing Dehn surgery on the components of some classical links such as Borromean rings and twisted Whitehead links. We find geometric presentations of their fundamental groups and describe many of them as 2-fold branched coverings of the 3-sphere. Finally, we obtain some topological applications on the manifolds given by exceptional surgeries on hyperbolic 2-bridge knots.

Bakhtin and Carnival: Culture as Counter-Culture

1988 ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Lachmann ◽  
Raoul Eshelman ◽  
Marc Davis
Keyword(s):  
Counter Culture

The ’68 Movements around the World and in Turkey: One Movement or Many?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 131-156
Author(s):  
Ömer Turan
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Student Activism ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Old Left ◽  
The World ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Us Hegemony

Abstract The student movement of ’68 was both a major source of inspiration and subject of research for the social movement scholars. One persistent disagreement about studying ’68 lies between the world-system theory—Wallerstein views the movement as “a single revolution”—and the contentious politics approach—McAdam, Tarrow, and Tilly refuse to consider ’68 “one grand movement.” Expanding this theoretical debate, this article overviews Turkey’s ’68 movement and discusses its divergence from the global movement. Wallerstein summarizes “the single revolution” of ’68 with five points: challenging US hegemony, working-class solidarity, demanding education reform, counter-culture, and challenging the old left. This article revisits these points and cross-reads them with insights of the contentious politics approach to evaluate Turkey’s ’68 movement. It then focuses on mobilizing structures, framing processes, and repertoires of contention that have shaped student activism.

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