Orthonyms as Shadow Selves

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
Virtual Subject ◽  
Virtual Subjects

Fernando Pessoa has introduced the term ‘heteronym’ for the coterie of virtual subjects whose identity he variously assumes. Within this group there is one whose name is ‘Fernando Pessoa’. When Pessoa writes about someone called ‘Fernando Pessoa’ he is employing an orthonym, and doing so precisely because within the imagined scenario he is not Fernando Pessoa. An orthonym, like a heteronym, is a virtual subject, but it is one which stands in a distinguished relationship with a simulating subject. The concept of an orthonym explains that of a literary doppelgänger.

Virtual Subjects

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
Gottlob Frege ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Abstract Entity ◽  
Abstract Entities ◽  
Philosophy Of Self ◽  
Virtual Subject ◽  
Virtual Subjects

Our task now is to talk about the types of entity which occupy the central position. What occupies that position? Given that it is evidently a self or subject which does so, the task is to say more about the nature of selves. What makes Pessoa’s heteronymic philosophy of self so fascinating is, precisely, that it stands as much opposed to both the Cartesian and the animalist pictures as it does, evidently, to the Humean account of selfhood. Heteronyms are virtual subjects. A virtual subject is an abstract entity, and there is a standard way to introduce and define abstract entities of any type. This is the method of definition by abstraction, first proposed by Gottlob Frege.

Heteronyms as Virtual Subjects

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
As I Lay Dying ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Virtual Subject ◽  
Virtual Subjects

The authorial act of heteronymic self-transformation is quite different from that of inventing a character in a story. What is fundamental to the notion of a heteronym is that it is an othered I, ‘lived by the author within himself’, that is to say, lived first-personally. A heteronym is not a character because the relationship an author stands in to an invented character is a third-personal one. A closer analogy would be with one of those stories in which each section has a different narrator writing from a first-person position, such as Orhan Pamuk’s novel My Name is Red or William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying. Yet a sequence of distinct narrators writing in the first person is still not a display of heteronymy: they are distinct characters taking it in turn to speak about themselves. When one dreams it is not uncommon for one to oneself figure in the dream, as the one to whom the events in the dream are presenting. The ‘subject-within-the-dream’ is both a virtual subject and a simulation of the dreaming subject; and for this reason it would be entirely appropriate to describe the subject-within-the-dream as the dreaming subject’s heteronym in the dream. The idea of heteronymy is also well-captured in Yasumasa Morimura’s multiple self-portraiture under the assumed identities of famous historical artists.

Virtual Subjects, Fugitive Selves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonardon Ganeri
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
The Self ◽  
Global History ◽  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
Untimely Death ◽  
Philosophical Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Importance ◽  
Virtual Subjects

Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935) has become many things to many people in the years that have passed since his untimely death. For some he is simply the greatest Portuguese poet of the twentieth century. For others he has gradually emerged as a forgotten voice in twentieth-century modernism. And yet Pessoa was also a philosopher, and it is only very recently that the philosophical importance of his work has begun to attract the attention it deserves. Pessoa composed systematic philosophical essays in his pre-heteronymic period, defending rationalism in epistemology and sensationism in the philosophy of mind. His heteronymic work, decisively breaking with the conventional strictures of systematic philosophical writing, is a profound and exquisite exploration in the philosophy of self. Virtual Subjects, Fugitive Selves draws together the strands of this philosophy and rearticulates it in a way that does justice to Pessoa’s breathtaking originality. In applying the new theory to the analysis of some of the trickiest and most puzzling problems about the self to have appeared in the global history of philosophy, in thinkers from the Buddhist, Chinese, Indian and Persian worlds, Virtual Subjects, Fugitive Selves is exemplary of a newly emerging trend in philosophy, that of philosophy as a cosmopolitan endeavour.

L'originarsi della metafora in Autopsicografia di Fernando Pessoa

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Francato
Keyword(s):  
Fernando Pessoa

In questo lavoro l'autore, dal vertice di studio di un'opera d'arte colta nei suoi aspetti stilistici e formali, approfondisce la conoscenza della poesia Autopsicografia di Fernando Pessoa. Il poeta portoghese è in grado di trascinare il lettore nei territori della psiche al limite del formularsi del pensiero, muovendosi attraverso il discorso eteronimico e la necessità della finzione. Si tratta di seguire il corso dei movimenti di pensiero interni alla poesia stessa, nell'articolazione dell'esperienza del poeta nell'incontro con il divenire del suo stesso componimento. Tale movimento porterà alla nascita di un'immagine metaforica, esito dell'attivazione della funzione trascendente secondo le teorizzazioni di Jung.   

Affinity and Influence: The Reception of W. B. Yeats by Fernando Pessoa

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-267
Author(s):  
Patrícia Oliveira Da Silva Mcneill
Keyword(s):  
Fernando Pessoa

Pequenas marcas em livros da desrazão: Fernando Pessoa, leitor da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa (hoje de Portugal)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Jeronimo Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Critical Edition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Library ◽  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

RESUMO: Sabemos que há autores que Pessoa leu e que influenciaram a sua obra, mas nem todos os livros lidos estavam na sua Biblioteca particular. Alguns foram lidos na Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa (hoje de Portugal), outros na biblioteca de Henrique Rosa, irmão do seu padrasto; e ainda outros na Biblioteca da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa. Tendo por base a edição crítica dos Escritos sobre Génio e Loucura (2006), procura-se aqui referir leituras relacionadas com a desrazão e dar continuidade a uma metodologia referida neste artigo, lançando, assim, uma série de reptos para futuras investigações: o cruzamento do espólio pessoano com a biblioteca particular (ou com outras públicas ou privadas), do escritor com o leitor, da teorização com a aprendizagem. É através desses cruzamentos que se poderá aprofundar a crítica e o conhecimento de alguns textos, assim como do contexto em que foram escritos.ABSTRACT: We know there are authors that Pessoa read and that influenced his work, but not all the books he read were in his private library. Some he read in the National Library of Lisbon (now of Portugal), others in the library of Henrique Rosa, his stepfather’s brother; and others yet in the Library of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences. Based on the critical edition of the Writings on Genius and Madness (2006), this article seeks to refer to readings related to unreason and to give continuity to a methodology mentioned in this article, thus launching a series of challenges for future research: the connection of the Pessoan archive with the private library (or with other public or private ones), of the writer with the reader, of theorization with learning. It is through these connections that the critique and knowledge of some texts can be deepened, as well as the context in which they were written.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fernando Pessoa, desrazão, psicopatologia, Biblioteca Nacional (BN), espólio pessoano, notas de leitura, marginália.KEYWORDS: Fernando Pessoa, unreason, psicopathology, National Library (BN), Pessoa’s literary estate, reading notes, marginalia.

Fernando Pessoa, um poeta que filosofa /

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José G. S. Dias de Carvalho Morais
Keyword(s):  
Fernando Pessoa

Poética do desassossego na obra de Michel Foucault: considerações líricas sobre um pensador sem lugar

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Horta Campos
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Fernando Pessoa

Este ensaio se propõe a encontrar os interstícios da literatura e das ciências humanas, num desdobramento das propostas de Foucault, das representações de Bernardo Soares, e do exercício lírico de composição acadêmica. Mais do que uma apresentação da teoria epistemológica foucaultiana, ou sua aplicação pelo pensamento do semi-heterônimo de Fernando Pessoa, o presente ensaio dissolve as barreiras entre cientista e literato, e incita uma postura crítica frente ao saber de um modo geral.

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