La coherencia de la doctrina trinitaria desde la noción de función de Gottlob Frege

En este artículo se pretende mostrar la coherencia de los enunciados sobre el Dios uno y trino en la teología analítica, a partir de su formulación en el llamado credo atanasiano. Se ofrece un panorama crítico sobre la discusión acerca de la inteligibilidad del misterio de la Trinidad en la teología filosófica analítica reciente, así como las diversas soluciones en algunos de sus más destacados representantes: la del trinitarianismo social (William Hasker), la del trinitarianismo latino (Brian Leftow) y la identidad relativa aplicada a la teoría trinitaria (Peter van Inwagen). Para superar las dificultades que tienen estas posiciones, derivadas, sobre todo, de su problemática noción de persona, se presenta una contribución a esta discusión con un novedoso análisis de la Trinidad, basado en la noción de función de Gottlob Frege. Con este análisis se explica por qué no hay contradicción entre los enunciados trinitarios, y así se justifica la consistencia y, en consecuencia, la coherencia de la doctrina trinitaria. Abstract: This article aims to show the coherence of the statements about the one and triune God in analytic theology, starting from their formulation in the so-called Athanasian Creed. It offers a critical overview of the discussion about the intelligibility of the mystery of the Trinity in recent analytic philosophical theology, as well as the various solutions in some of its most prominent representatives: the social trinitarianism (William Hasker), the Latin trinitarianism (Brian Leftow) and the relative identity applied to trinitarian theory (Peter van Inwagen). In order to overcome the difficulties with these positions, derived, above all, from their problematic notion of personhood, a contribution to this discussion is presented with a novel analysis of the Trinity, based on Gottlob Frege's notion of function. This analysis explains why there is no contradiction between trinitarian statements, and thus justifies the consistency and, consequently, the coherence of trinitarian doctrine.

A CONCEPÇÃO DE FREGE SOBRE “SENTIDO” E “REFERÊNCIA” COMO INFLUÊNCIA NO ESTUDO DA FILOSOFIA DA LINGUAGEM

Este artigo tem como objetivo expor e discutir as concepções de Gottlob Frege sobre os conceitos de “sentido” e “referência” e como, por meio destes, se deu a contribuição do filósofo ao que hoje chamamos filosofia da linguagem. Entretanto, vários estudiosos não consideram Frege um autêntico filósofo da linguagem, alguns de seus escritos representam, historicamente, enorme influência nesse ramo da filosofia contemporânea, pois tentam solucionar certos problemas da linguagem. Serão analisados principalmente o célebre artigo “Sobre Sentido e Referência” bem como alguns de seus escritos que se ocupam, ainda que de modo secundário, sobre ambos os conceitos.

Wittgenstein's Tractatus as Poetic Philosophy and Philosophical Poetics

This article argues that it is helpful to discuss the logico-philosophical contents of Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus in terms that confront the poetic and literary qualities of its form and style. To begin with, it analyzes Wittgenstein's short remarks about expression as manifested in the “tone” of Georg Trakl's poetry and the “ineffability” of Ludwig Uhland's poem “Count Eberhard's Hawthorn.” Then it proceeds to consider his exchange of letters with Gottlob Frege about the form and style of the Tractatus. The final part of the article considers such Tractarian metaphors as “showing and saying,” “logical space,” “reflecting the world as in a mirror,” “ineffability,” and “climbing and throwing away a ladder.” The proposed examination concentrates mainly on the distinction—but also the connection—between what, through language as used in both philosophy and poetry, can be said and what can be shown, this being one of the central themes of the Tractatus itself. It is then claimed that the roots of Wittgenstein's later understanding of both “ordinary language” and the connection between philosophy, poetry, and the ethical form of one's life are already present in his first period of creativity.

SELF-REFERENCE, THEORY OF TYPES, AND CATEGORIZATION IN WITTGENSTEIN’S PICTURE THEORY OF STATEMENTS

Рассматривается источник логических парадоксов, выявленных Б. Расселом в системе обоснования математики, предложенной Г. Фреге. Самореферентность выражений, предложенная Б. Расселом как объяснение возникновения парадоксов, рассматривается с точки зрения разработанной им простой и разветвленной теории типов. Обосновывается, что теория типов, предложенная Б. Расселом, основана на онтологических предпосылках. Онтологические предпосылки зависят от предпочтения семантическому перед синтаксическим подходом, который принимается Б. Расселом. Рассмотрены синтаксические подходы к логическому символизму, которые позволяют устранить парадоксы с точки зрения языка современной символической логики. Анализируется подход к решению парадоксов Л. Витгенштейна, который основан на синтаксическом подходе. Показано, что этот подход отличается от способов построения языка, принятых в современной логике. The article analyzes the source of logical paradoxes Bertrand Russell identified in the foundations of mathematics proposed by Gottlob Frege. Russell proposed self-reference of expressions as the source of paradoxes. To solve paradoxes, he developed the simple and ramified theory of types. Ontological presuppositions are well substantiated for his theory; they depend on semantic, but not syntactic, preference. Contemporary approaches in symbolical logic prefer syntactic methods. But Wittgenstein’s approach in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is more interesting, especially from the perspective of his picture theory of statements.

UM PERCURSO POSSÍVEL PARA O CONCEITO DE ENUNCIAÇÃO / A possible route to the concept of enunciation

O presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um percurso histórico para a constituição do conceito de ‘enunciação’ tal como é postulado pela Semântica da Enunciação e mapear como e quando este termo aparece nos livros teóricos e sob quais características. Optou-se, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, por percorrer um trajeto teórico até o ano de 2018, partindo da década de 1660 do século XVII. O percurso é marcado pelos postulados de Antoine Arnauld, Claude Lancelot, Pierre Nicole, Gottlob Frege, Michel Bréal, Ferdinand Saussure, Pierre Guiraud, Mikhail Bakhtin, Stephen Ullmann, Émile Benveniste e chega a Oswald Ducrot e Eduardo Guimarães. Esta análise destaca Bakhtin e seu círculo, que postularam bases enunciativas a partir de Saussure e outros autores; Benveniste, que traz discussões importantes e pertinentes ao tema ora estudado; Ducrot, que estuda Saussure e Bakhtin, avançando em conceitos como locutor, alocutor, dentre outros; e Guimarães por mostrar desdobramentos importantes da teoria de Ducrot e aprofundá-la no sentido da Semântica Enunciativa. Voltamos a atenção para estes autores por entendermos que os mesmos, na contemporaneidade, são referências para o uso do termo ‘enunciação’. Compreender como uma noção teórica toma forma possibilita-nos refletir sobre a constituição da Semântica em diferentes perspectivas. Nosso corpus, formado pelas obras completas ou parciais destes autores, constitui acervo importante para a análise que empreendemos. Esta produção integra as atividades do Grupo de Pesquisa Educação e Estudos de Linguagem (GedEL/UNEMAT).

Four puzzling paragraphs: Frege on ‘≡’ and ‘=’

In §8 of his Begriffsschrift (1879), Gottlob Frege discusses issues related to identity. Frege begins his most famous essay, “On Sense and Denotation” (1892), published 13 years later, by criticizing the view advocated in §8. He returns to these issues in the concluding paragraph. Controversies continue over these important passages. We offer an interpretation and discuss some alternatives. We defend that in the Begriffsschrift, Frege does not hold that identity is a relation between signs. §8 of the Begriffsschrift is motivated by the conflict between two different criteria for sameness of conceptual content of sentences. To resolve that conflict, Frege introduces ‘≡’ in §8 and, thus, circumstances with names as constituents. To the same end, in “On Sense and Denotation,” Frege introduces senses and Thoughts and abandons both ‘≡’ and circumstances. He solves what we call the Co-instantiation problem, and disregards, but does not solve, the Name problem.

Ausgewählte Schriften zur Philosophie der Logik und der Sprache

Dieser Band versammelt die wichtigsten kleinen Schriften von Gottlob Frege zur Logik, Philosophie der Logik und der Sprache. Frege ist neben Russell, Moore und Wittgenstein einer der Mitbegründer der analytischen Philosophie und einer der Wegbereiter der modernen klassischen Logik. Es ist die erste Sammlung von zu Lebezeiten veröffentlichten Schriften und Schriften aus dem Nachlass in der historischen Textgestalt in einem Band.

Frege, Poincaré, Carnap, Kripke: cuatro réplicas a un dogma kantiano

I present the replies that Gottlob Frege, Henri Poincaré, Rudolf Carnap, and Saul Kripke made to the assumption that apriority and necessity are interchangeable synonyms, an assumption that I take, together with the assumptions that there is a split between analytic truths and synthetic truths and that there is a dichotomy between our conceptual schemes and empirical content, as a Kantian dogma.

Research trends from computer and electronic sciences

Electronics as a technical and scientific discipline was born in 1904, based on the principles defined by John Ambrose Fleming (inventor of the diode) and André Marie Ampére (founder of electromagnetic theory), its evolution towards current electronics, has largely been possible thanks to the invention of the triode (device capable of converting alternating current into direct current) by Lee De Forest. On the other hand, computer science as born as a scientific discipline in the early 1940s, based on mathematical logic and algorithmic theory, the principles that sustain it go back to the works Gottlob Frege (father of modern mathematical logic) and Andréi Kolmogórov (founder of the theory of algorithm complexity). The complementarity between these two relevant disciplines has made possible the development of a wide diversity of technologies applied to studies in the care of health (e.g. biomechanics, computerized axial tomography and telemedicine) and to space exploration (e.g. communication mobile and GPS, robotics and nanotechnology), among others.