Making Cancer Modern

The Cancer Problem ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198866145.003.0008 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 190-214

Author(s):

Agnes Arnold-Forster

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Modern Society ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Victorian Britain ◽

Limited Success

This chapter analyses and assesses the medical practitioners and social commentators who searched for an explanation for the new ‘cancer epidemic’ in Victorian Britain. While Chapters 5 and 6 looked at medical men who, using a range of techniques and technologies, attempted to decode the aetiology of cancer and explain and arrest its expansion, the limited success of these efforts prompted some observers to suggest that perhaps the origin of malignancy could be found in the very fabric of modern society. If it was not latent in the landscape, nor a waxing and waning infectious disease, then maybe cancer’s increasing incidence was a sign of some change in the bodies and lifestyles of the nation and its inhabitants.

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Monitoring infectious diseases using routine microbiology data I. Study of gastroenteritis in an urban area

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s002217240006873x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 49-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hilary E. Tillett ◽

Mair E. M. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Infectious Disease ◽

Urban Area ◽

Time Trends ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Routine Data ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Laboratory Facilities

SUMMARYSources of information for monitoring infectious disease are routine data, special surveys and ad hoc investigations. In practice much use is necessarily made of routine notifications and laboratory records although this reporting is often incomplete and may therefore be biased.In a retrospective study of a 16-year series (up to 1968) of routine records concerning the diagnosis of gastroenteritis at one Public Health Laboratory we found it possible to identify biases. During school outbreaks of dysentery, laboratory investigation of diarrhoea increased appreciably and such response to publicity affects the use of routine data in surveillance. Although the patients examined were probably representative diagnostically, their selection may not have reflected the age incidence of disease. Valid geographical comparisons within the urban area were not feasible because medical practitioners differed in their use of laboratory facilities and in their habits of notification. Nevertheless, as far as can be established retrospectively, these data did reflect time trends in disease incidence and so had value for monitoring purposes.Several of the biases defined are likely to apply to other sets of routine data. A further communication will describe a statistical method of correcting for quantifiable bias.

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AYUSH Preparations as Immunity Boosters in the Management of SARSCoV-2: A Review

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083806999201202151923 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 ◽

Author(s):

Suneel Prajapati ◽

Mahima Sharma ◽

Arun Kumar ◽

Ashish Tripathi ◽

GV Narasimha Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Immune System ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Adjuvant Therapy ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Historical Background ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Limited Success ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Ancient Times

: In the 21st century, humans are in battle against a deadly contagious disease COVID 19, first reported in Wuhan, China. Coronavirus Disease designated as COVID 19 is caused by SARS COV 2 virus from beta coronavirus family. Although, there are no specific anti-viral drugs and vaccines against this pandemic disease, however many medicines are being repurposed for COVID 19 management but have shown a limited success. Traditional medicine systems from ancient times were used for their immense efficacy with minimal adverse effects compared to allopathic medicines. Thus, for COVID 19 management, researchers are focused on traditional medicines from Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy as adjuvant therapy as per anecdotal data regarding their usage in the treatment of Infectious disease. In India, all the traditional medicine systems are under AYUSH ministry and government has been highlighting AYSUH medicines for improving immune system against COVID 19. In this review, the authors emphasize on historical background of AYUSH medicines in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and the medicines recommended by AYUSH ministry for combating against COVID 19 as immunity boosters.

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Suggestions for rendering Medico-Mental Science available to the better Administration of Justice and the more effectual Prevention of Lunacy and Crime

Journal of Mental Science ◽

10.1192/bjp.14.67.334 ◽

1868 ◽

Vol 14 (67) ◽

pp. 334-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Laycock

Keyword(s):

Medical Science ◽

Modern Society ◽

General Medical Council ◽

Formal Proof ◽

Medical Council ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Administration Of Justice ◽

The Subject ◽

The Law ◽

The Government

That medico-mental science is often at variance with the doctrines and decisions of the courts of law is a fact too well known and too generally admitted to need formal proof. It is almost as generally assumed that the scandalous failures of justice, which too often result, must be attributed to the defective education and knowledge of the profession. It is alleged that, as a body, we are for the most part ignorant and theoretical in matters relating to insanity, and if not ignorant, then presuming, and often using the little knowledge we possess, rather with the intent to rescue thieves and murderers from the legal consequences of their crimes than to help the administration of justice. It is certainly a fact which many of us lament that the corporate bodies of the profession generally, including the general medical council, ignore the subject as a distinct department of medical education; and consequently medical practitioners, not being duly trained, do sometimes appear to great disadvantage in courts of law. Medical shortcomings are not, however, the subject of my paper, but certain fundamental defects in the principles and procedures of the law which render medico-mental science sometimes even worse than useless, and always less useful to the commonweal than it might be, if rightly adapted to the needs of modern society. Nor would it be difficult to show that some of the crime and folly which occupies our courts and fills our reformatories, prisons, workhouses, and lunatic asylums, is capable of prevention by a well-devised use of medico-mental science. As these matters are wholly beyond the powers of the profession, I shall ask leave to move at the close of the discussion that a committee be appointed, with power to take such steps as may be thought necessary to secure a thorough inquiry by the Government into the relations of medical science to the administration of the law in regard to all persons mentally disordered or defective, with a view to such improvements as may be practicable.

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Infectious Disease Stigmas: Maladaptive in Modern Society

Communication Studies ◽

10.1080/10510974.2013.851096 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 132-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rachel A. Smith ◽

David Hughes

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Modern Society

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Serological and Molecular Evidence of Patients Infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Mexico

Diseases ◽

10.3390/diseases9020037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Carolina Guadalupe Sosa-Gutierrez ◽

Maria Almudena Cervantes-Castillo ◽

Ramon Laguna-Gonzalez ◽

Laura Yareli Lopez-Echeverria ◽

Deyanira Ojeda-Ramírez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Serological Test ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Diagnostic Testing ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Pcr Targeting

Human granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA), is a tick-borne infectious disease transmitted by ticks, resulting in acute feverish episodes. The etiological agent is the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum; which is spread by ticks of the genus Ixodes spp. to complete its life cycle. In Mexico, there is only one case report. The primary challenge is understanding how other bacteria affect or overlap with the clinical manifestation of the disease. Sample collection occurred over the period September 2017 through October 2019. Blood samples from human subjects were obtained immediately after they signed consent forms. We analyzed for the presence for A. phagocytophilum by serological (IFA IgG two times) and PCR targeting 16SrRNA and groEL genes, followed by DNA sequencing. All patients with a history of travel abroad were dismissed for this project. In total, 1924 patients participated and of these, 1014 samples across the country were analyzed. Of these, 85 (8.38%) had IFA results that ranged from 1:384 to 1:896. Of the positive samples, 7.10% were used for PCR. Significant clinical manifestations included: dizziness, nausea, petechial, epistaxis, enlarged liver and/or spleen and thrombocytopenia. Hospitalization of at least 1.5 days was necessary for 3.2% of patients. None of the cases analyzed were lethal. This is the first clinical manifestations along with serological test results and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of A. phagocytophilum resulting in HGA in patients from Mexico. Health institutions and medical practitioners in general should include diagnostic testing for HGA among high risk populations and should recognize it as a vector-borne emerging infectious disease in Mexico.

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Tissue section lifting for electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081292 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 86-87

Author(s):

Adrian F. van Dellen

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Electron Microscopy ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Organ System ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Specific Determination ◽

High Degree ◽

Accuracy And Repeatability

The morphologic pathologist may require information on the ultrastructure of a non-specific lesion seen under the light microscope before he can make a specific determination. Such lesions, when caused by infectious disease agents, may be sparsely distributed in any organ system. Tissue culture systems, too, may only have widely dispersed foci suitable for ultrastructural study. In these situations, when only a few, small foci in large tissue areas are useful for electron microscopy, it is advantageous to employ a methodology which rapidly selects a single tissue focus that is expected to yield beneficial ultrastructural data from amongst the surrounding tissue. This is in essence what "LIFTING" accomplishes. We have developed LIFTING to a high degree of accuracy and repeatability utilizing the Microlift (Fig 1), and have successfully applied it to tissue culture monolayers, histologic paraffin sections, and tissue blocks with large surface areas that had been initially fixed for either light or electron microscopy.

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Indian vultures: victims of an infectious disease epidemic?

Animal Conservation ◽

10.1017/s136794300300324x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 189-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

A. A. Cunningham ◽

V. Prakash ◽

D. Pain ◽

G. R. Ghalsasi ◽

G. A. H. Wells ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease

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International Interprofessional Collaboration: The Benefits of Global Networking

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp2.sig17.73 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (17) ◽

pp. 73-82

Author(s):

Deborah Ross-Swain ◽

Beryl Fogel ◽

Elaine Fogel Schneider

Keyword(s):

Interprofessional Collaboration ◽

Board Of Education ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Educational Exchange ◽

National Board ◽

Medical Practitioners

This article summarizes and highlights the benefits of international interprofessional collaboration amongst speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The California Speech-Language and Hearing Association (CSHA) was invited by the National Board of Education of Finland to participate in an academic/educational exchange with educators, SLPs, and medical practitioners. SLPs globally are experiencing shared interests, practice issues, training challenges, outreach opportunities and limitations, shortages, interprofessional collaboration and education challenges and successes, and the desire to network and learn from each other. This article will describe the benefits of academic/educational exchange opportunities for our profession and possible outcomes for global networking.

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