Crustacea: Cirripedia and Facetotecta

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve C. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
The North ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The North Atlantic

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Cirripedia and Facetotecta, two crustacean infraclasses of the subclass Thecostraca. The larvae of the Cirripedia and Facetotecta are fairly common in the plankton of the North Atlantic. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

Phoronida

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Planktonic Larval Stage

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Phoronida, a small group of exclusively marine invertebrates found in most of the world's oceans from the intertidal zone to about 400 metres depth. Phoronids are meroplanktonic with a planktonic larval stage usually less than 2 mm in length and a benthic adult whose length ranges from a few cm up to 50 cm. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

Anellida: Holoplanktonic Polychaeta

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Castellani ◽  
Robert Camp
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Polychaeta, an almost exclusively marine group of organisms belonging to the phylum Annelida. With over 10,000 species described worldwide, they represent one of the most abundant animal taxa in the marine environment. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

Crustacea: Euphausiacea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair J. Lindley
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Euphausiacea, exclusively marine holoplanktonic crustaceans commonly known as krill. Although not highly diverse, with only two families and ~ 86 species worldwide, they are often a major component of the biomass of the plankton and micronekton of the world's oceans. This chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

Crustacea: Lophogastrida and Mysida

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Castellani ◽  
Maiju Lehtiniemi ◽  
Kenneth Meland
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Brood Pouch ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Adaptive Nature

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Lophogastrida and Mysida, small shrimp-like crustaceans commonly known as ‘opossum shrimps’ because of the ventral brood pouch in the female. Because of their highly adaptive nature, they have progressively invaded new areas via new connections of water systems and through ballast water. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

Crustacea: Ostracoda

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin V. Angel ◽  
Anthony W.G. John
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Oceanic Species

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Ostracoda, small bivalved crustaceans ranging in size from 0.2 to > 30 mm. The majority are benthic and belong to the subclass Podocopa. The chapter focuses on the holoplanktonic oceanic species. It covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

Chordata: Fish eggs and larvae

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Munk ◽  
Jørgen G. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Fish Eggs And Larvae

This chapter describes the taxonomy of fish eggs and larvae. Most fish eggs and larvae are planktonic, and are commonly found in plankton net tows. Collectively these fish stages are referred to as ichthyoplankton. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

scholarly journals The Life Cycle of the North Atlantic Storm Track*

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 821-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Novak ◽  
Maarten H. P. Ambaum ◽  
Rémi Tailleux
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Eddy Heat Flux ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract The North Atlantic eddy-driven jet exhibits latitudinal variability with evidence of three preferred latitudinal locations: south, middle, and north. Here the authors examine the drivers of this variability and the variability of the associated storm track. The authors investigate the changes in the storm-track characteristics for the three jet locations and propose a mechanism by which enhanced storm-track activity, as measured by upstream heat flux, is responsible for cyclical downstream latitudinal shifts in the jet. This mechanism is based on a nonlinear oscillator relationship between the enhanced meridional temperature gradient (and thus baroclinicity) and the meridional high-frequency (periods of shorter than 10 days) eddy heat flux. Such oscillations in baroclinicity and heat flux induce variability in eddy anisotropy, which is associated with the changes in the dominant type of wave breaking and a different latitudinal deflection of the jet. The authors’ results suggest that high heat flux is conducive to a northward deflection of the jet, whereas low heat flux is conducive to a more zonal jet. This jet-deflecting effect was found to operate most prominently downstream of the storm-track maximum, while the storm track and the jet remain anchored at a fixed latitudinal location at the beginning of the storm track. These cyclical changes in storm-track characteristics can be viewed as different stages of the storm track’s spatiotemporal life cycle.

Brachiopoda

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Fuchs ◽  
Andreas Altenburger
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Filter Feeding ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Biphasic Life Cycle ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Planktonic Larvae

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Brachiopoda, a phylum of exclusively marine, sessile, filter-feeding invertebrates. Brachiopods are meroplanktonik with a biphasic life cycle including planktonic larvae and sessile benthic adults. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

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