Introducing the CART Principles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Gugerty ◽  
Dean Karlan
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Program Delivery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Randomized Control

Impact is an often misunderstood concept. Many organizations attempt to measure it through tallies of goods or services provided, anecdotes about program participants, or comparisons of the circumstances before and after program delivery. However, to measure impact, one ought to have some measure of what would have happened had participants not been a part of a program or received a product or service. A randomized control trial (RCT) is one way to tackle this challenge. But prospective studies like RCTs can be costly in terms of time, organizational capacity, and money, and they do not work under all circumstances, making them inappropriate in many situations. This chapter argues that all organizations should collect monitoring data to help manage and improve programs, but that impact evaluation is not always appropriate for an organization. As desirable as it is to try to measure one’s impact, sometimes it is best to say no. This chapter introduces the CART principles, which aim to guide organizations to only collect data that are credible, actionable, responsible, and transportable.

scholarly journals Single Word Intelligibility of Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease in Noise: Pre-Specified Secondary Outcome Variables from a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) Comparing Two Intensive Speech Treatments (LSVT LOUD vs. LSVT ARTIC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Geralyn Schulz ◽  
Angela Halpern ◽  
Jennifer Spielman ◽  
Lorraine Ramig ◽  
Ira Panzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Randomized Control

The majority of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience both prosodic changes (reduced vocal volume, reduced pitch range) and articulatory changes (imprecise articulation) that often limit speech intelligibility and may contribute to significant declines in quality of life. We conducted a randomized control trial comparing two intensive treatments, voice (LSVT LOUD) or articulation (LSVT ARTIC) to assess single word intelligibility in the presence of background noise (babble and mall). Participants (64 PD and 20 Healthy) read words from the diagnostic rhyme test (DRT), an ANSI Standard for measuring intelligibility of speech, before and after one month (treatment or no treatment). Teams of trained listeners blindly rated the data. Speech intelligibility of words in the presence of both noise conditions improved in PD participants who had LSVT LOUD compared to the groups that had LSVT ARTIC or no treatment. Intensive speech treatment targeting prominent prosodic variables in LSVT LOUD had a positive effect on speech intelligibility at the single word level in PD.

scholarly journals Community Currencies as Crisis Response: Results From a Randomized Control Trial in Kenya

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mqamelo
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Community Inclusion ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Community Currencies ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Difference

This paper presents the results of what may be the world’s first randomized control trial on community currencies, focusing on Grassroots Economics Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) model run on the xDAI blockchain. Beneficiaries in Nairobi, Kenya were sent the equivalent of $30 in cryptocurrency tokens, enabling a level of impact evaluation usually unfeasible for most cash and mobile-money based transfer programs. Results show that CIC transfers of $30 are associated with $93.51 increase in beneficiaries wallet balance, a $23.17 increase in monthly CIC income, a $16.30 increase in monthly CIC spending, a $6.31 increase in average trade size and a $28.43 increase in expenditure on food and water. However, the difference in treatment effects for males versus females suggests gender imbalances persist. This study serves as an important prototype for novel cash transfer models and presents some of the first quantitative evidence in the area of “crypto for good.”

scholarly journals Ginger and Lemon Aromatherapy To Relieve Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Dwi Kustriyanti ◽  
Arista Adityasari Putri
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
In Pregnancy

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) are amongst the most common complaints of women during pregnancy, up to 80% of women have experienced various degrees of it. NVP impact on the quality of life, social and general well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ginger and lemon aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). This study was randomized control trial in which 90 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting before 16 age gestation who had eligibility criteria. They were randomly divided into ginger, lemon and placebo groups. Women were asked to record their nausea and vomiting for 7 days by form of PUQE-24, in first three days they were advised to adjust their diet and then received aromatherapy for four days. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Chi Square and Wilcoxon test. PUQE total scores before and after intervention in the ginger, lemon and placebo groups were 7.67 ± 2.304 vs. 6.85 ± 1.575, P = 0.000; 7.16 ± 1.598 vs. 5.50 ± 1.448, P = 0.000 and 6.70 ± 1.787 vs 5.50 ± 1.803, <em>P</em> value 0.00. Ginger and lemon essential oil were equally effective in reducing pregnancy nausea and vomiting.

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