scholarly journals Community Currencies as Crisis Response: Results From a Randomized Control Trial in Kenya

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mqamelo
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Community Inclusion ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Community Currencies ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Difference

This paper presents the results of what may be the world’s first randomized control trial on community currencies, focusing on Grassroots Economics Community Inclusion Currency (CIC) model run on the xDAI blockchain. Beneficiaries in Nairobi, Kenya were sent the equivalent of $30 in cryptocurrency tokens, enabling a level of impact evaluation usually unfeasible for most cash and mobile-money based transfer programs. Results show that CIC transfers of $30 are associated with $93.51 increase in beneficiaries wallet balance, a $23.17 increase in monthly CIC income, a $16.30 increase in monthly CIC spending, a $6.31 increase in average trade size and a $28.43 increase in expenditure on food and water. However, the difference in treatment effects for males versus females suggests gender imbalances persist. This study serves as an important prototype for novel cash transfer models and presents some of the first quantitative evidence in the area of “crypto for good.”

Assessing Correspondence Between Experimental and Nonexperimental Estimates in Within-Study Comparisons

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Steiner ◽  
Vivian C. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Straightforward Approach

In within-study comparison (WSC) designs, treatment effects from a nonexperimental design, such as an observational study or a regression-discontinuity design, are compared to results obtained from a well-designed randomized control trial with the same target population. The goal of the WSC is to assess whether nonexperimental and experimental designs yield the same results in field settings. A common analytic challenge with WSCs, however, is the choice of appropriate criteria for determining whether nonexperimental and experimental results replicate. This article examines different distance-based correspondence measures for assessing correspondence in experimental and nonexperimental estimates. Distance-based measures investigate whether the difference in estimates is small enough to claim equivalence of methods. We use a simulation study to examine the statistical properties of common correspondence measures and recommend a new and straightforward approach that combines traditional significance testing and equivalence testing in the same framework. The article concludes with practical advice on assessing and interpreting results in WSC contexts.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Simulation versus Serious Game for Training Nursing Students in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Randomized Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zahra Farsi ◽  
Mahdieh Yazdani ◽  
Samantha Butler ◽  
Maryam Nezamzadeh ◽  
Jila Mirlashari
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cpr Training

Background. The proper implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial in saving patients. Purpose. This study was aimed at evaluating the difference in educating nursing students on CPR when using the traditional simulation training with a mannequin versus a more novel serious game training on the smartphone platform. Methods. This randomized control trial was conducted in 2018-2019. Through purposive sampling, 56 nursing students were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: a simulation-based CPR training, CPR training using a serious game on the smartphone platform, and a control group that received no CPR training. Each student was evaluated pre- and posttraining on CPR knowledge and skill. Results. Both the simulation and serious game training groups increased CPR abilities two weeks after training. The control group did not show improvement in skill or knowledge of CPR. The simulation and serious game intervention groups demonstrated better scores on the knowledge questionnaire and on the CPR skill demonstration in comparison to the control group. However, the simulation group and the serious game group showed no significant difference in knowledge ( 9.55 ± 2.81 vs. 7.77 ± 2.46 ; p = 0.065 ) or CPR skill demonstration ( 27.17 ± 2.81 vs. 25.72 ± 3.98 ; p = 0.988 ). The overall scores for CPR knowledge did not meet minimum expectations (70% score) in either the simulation (47.75%) or serious game (38.85%) group. However, both groups demonstrated adequate CPR skill on demonstration (simulation 87.64% and serious game 83.06%). Conclusions. Both the simulation and serious game training groups were found to increase CPR skill. CPR training would likely benefit from a multimodal approach to education.

scholarly journals Maternal and Neonatal Outcome after Caesarean and Vaginal Delivery in Eclampsia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Rokeya Khatun ◽  
M Nowshad Ali ◽  
Chinmoy Kanti Das ◽  
Fatema Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Difference

This randomized control trial study was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh. This study includes 70 consecutive antepartum eclamptic patients who were admitted in the year 2008. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in maternal and perinatal outcome in caesarean and vaginal delivery and thereby describe the success rate of a particular mode of delivery in those cases. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to determine factors that were associated with assignment to, success of, and odds of maternal and neonatal outcome after caesarean and vaginal delivery.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 111-117

scholarly journals Induction of Labour with Isosorbide Mononitrate Versus Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in Primigravidas (PGs) at Term

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Rubina Waheed ◽  
Nadia Ashraf ◽  
Nadia Sabeen ◽  
M Ikram U Allah ◽  
Qaiser Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Induction Of Labour ◽  
Isosorbide Mononitrate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To compare the frequency of caesarean section due to fetal distress with Isosorbide mononitrate versus PGE2 for the induction of labour in primigravida at term. Methods: It was Randomized Control Trial conducted in Unit I, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 11th April 2015 to 10th October 2015. 230 primigravida were randomized into two groups i.e. Prostaglandin E2 and Isosorbide mononitrate for induction of labour. The difference in the frequency of caesarean section due to fetal distress with Prostaglandin E2 and Isosorbide mononitrate for induction of labour in the primigravidas at term was calculated as outcome. Results: The mean age of 27.62 ± 3.909 ranging from 21 to 34 years. The frequency of cesarean section was 12.2%in Prostaglandin E2 group while 0% in Isosorbide mononitrate. There was no effect of gestational age, age of mother and number of doses on outcome. Conclusion: There is no difference in frequency of cesarean section in primigravida groups induced by either Isosorbide mononitrate versus prostaglandin E2. Wherever applicable and feasible we should opt for Isosorbide mononitrate for induction of labour. Keywords: Cesarean section, Prostaglandin E2, Isosorbide mononitrate, Dinoprostone, Induction of labour, Primigravida How to cite: Waheed R., Ashraf N., Sabeen N., U Allah I.M., Javed Q., Khalid A. Induction of Labour with Isosorbide Mononitrate Versus Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in Primigravidas (PGs) at term. Esculapio 2021;17(02):166-169

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