Literary Articulation (1685–98)

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-113
Author(s):  
J.S. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Royal Courts

The court of Guru Gobind Singh developed steadily to emerge as a great centre of patronage for poets. The Sikh writers of the eighteenth century provide considerable information on the works produced at his court. Piara Singh Padam’s Darbari Ratan presents a more systematic record in which the poets talk about themselves and their patron at Anandpur. The poetry produced at the Guru’s court was different in character from the poetry patronized at the royal courts. It was meant to inspire people. The compositions included in the Dasam Granth and Sri Sarab Loh Granth, by and large, were produced before 1700. Some of them are remarkable for their social and political import.

‘To Mount or Not to Mount?’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Sahai
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Royal Courts

This chapter examines documentary culture in eighteenth-century Rajasthan through an exploration of the legal archive—the Sanad Parwana Bahis—of the kingdom of Jodhpur. More particularly, it studies the petitions that were written in the course of a series of protracted disputes during which the ceremonial and ritual claims made by low-caste Sunars were contested by upper castes. The increasing importance of the written record in the administration and courts both caused, and was an outcome of a nascent “literate mentality” that existed even amongst those social groups like the Sunars who were not traditionally associated with scribal work. What is particularly telling is the shift from oral testimonies to written evidence as verifiable and authentic, both in the royal courts and in lower assemblies like caste councils. The pervasive culture of record keeping, and the significance of writing both for the state and its subjects at this time allows us to interrogate any easy bifurcation between the modern and the premodern.

scholarly journals Celebrations at European Courts as Viewed by “Sarmatian” Travellers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Wolański
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Court Culture ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
European Court ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
Royal Courts ◽  
Stereotypical Image

This article considers the way inhabitants of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth perceived European court ceremonies as reflected in their travel notes. More particularly, the author analyses texts of the eighteenth century, where the ceremonies described are treated as some of the most important elements of symbolic communication between the authorities and society. Eighteenth-century travelogues provide a comprehensive idea of contacts with royal courts and social elites (political but also cultural and even academic), which does not comply with the stereotypical image of such situations. Starting with the late seventeenth century, court culture mostly relied on French models, which is why the article presents ceremonies at the court of Versailles described by travellers from the nobility, clergy, and from a woman’s perspective. The author also describes ceremonies and etiquette of the imperial court in Vienna, as well as the very specific ceremonial of the Roman court. The latter was characterised by the participation of the Pope. The analysis relies on intercultural communication research methods.

scholarly journals WHITE GOLD’ IN EARLY TO MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY VENICE AND FLORENCE: THE FIRST ITALIAN PORCELAIN FACTORIES AND THEIR HIGHLY COVETED PRODUCTION

ARTis ON ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Johannis Tsoumas
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Era ◽  
White Gold ◽  
Royal Courts ◽  
History Of

An inaccessible material both in terms of technology and manufacture for the aristocratic classes and the royal courts of Europe and especially for the prominent politically, socially and culturally Italy, porcelain was until the beginning of the eighteenth century an ‘impossible dream’ which only through a limited number of Chinese wares could be satisfied. However in the early highly decorative and playful Rococo period, its discovery in Germany inaugurated a new era in the European decorative arts. Hard-paste porcelain was soon introduced in Northern Italy and started being produced in the cities of Venice and Florence respectively creating a new order in the great historical field of ceramic arts. This initiated a long and, at the same time, glorious era for porcelain objects production throughout the country, many of which are now rare examples of a valuable heritage in the history of decorative arts worldwide. This paper aims to document clearly and methodically the historical value of these events, focusing on the two first Italian hard-paste porcelain factories development and stressing the significance of their rare products.

scholarly journals Celebrations at the Royal Court and Their Reception in the Festive Life of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ciesielski
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
European Model ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Royal Courts ◽  
Western European

The author traces the transition of the royal court of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to the Western European model of court ceremonies, which lasted for almost two centuries, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Initially, they followed the ceremonial models of the House of Habsburg and, starting in the 1640s, the French ceremonial, refined at the Versailles of Louis XIV. Meant to extol the monarch in the eyes of subjects, such ceremonies became widespread under kings of the House of Vasa, Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, Jan III Sobieski, and the House of Wettin. Many etiquette elements and ceremonial patterns were borrowed and adapted to the needs of the wealthy Polish and Lithuanian nobility, who followed the example of the royal court in Krakow and Warsaw. The author concludes that the borrowed cultural models had a significant influence on the everyday life of residences and palaces and on the theatricalisation of private aristocratic ceremonies, which was reflected in the way nobles dressed, moved, the style of music they played, and in illumination and the use of fireworks. Balls grew considerably more important; in the eighteenth century, opera and play productions attracted more interest. These elements are the most significant borrowings from the ceremonial practices of the Western European and local royal courts of the Warsaw-Dresden House of Wettin. However, the ceremonial culture of the Polish-Lithuanian aristocracy retained a number of traditional elements, which is especially noticeable in the organisation of weddings, funerals, and religious rituals. The author maintains that in magnate and aristocratic courts, they followed a ceremonial pattern which united elements of both traditional and new types of ceremonies. A similar tendency was characteristic of Russia, where in the eighteenth century, traditional customs were integrated into a new system of organising celebrations borrowed from Western Europe while retaining a number of unique elements.

Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau, F. R. S. (1737-1816) and his relations with British scientists

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
Royal Courts ◽  
Guyton De Morveau ◽  
The City ◽  
The French Revolution

Most of the eminent French scientists of the eighteenth century lived in Paris and were members of the Académie Royale des Sciences. But academies also flourished in twenty or more provincial cities, and in Dijon there was a chemist who achieved during his lifetime an international reputation equal to that of any of his compatriots. Louis Bernard Guyton was born at Dijon on 4 January 1737 (1). Like his father he studied law, and from 1756 to 1762 he practised as an advocate. Dijon was the ancient capital of Burgundy and the seat of one of the French provincial parliaments, or royal courts of law, in which offices carrying social prestige and exemption from certain taxes could be bought and sold, and in 1762 Guyton’s father obtained for him the office of avocat-général du roi , one of the public prosecutors. Guyton then added to his name ‘de Morveau’, from a family property near the city, and he retained this name, sign ing himself simply ‘De Morveau’ until the French Revolution, when, like many Frenchmen, he dropped the ‘de’ and became ‘Guyton-Morveau’, then ‘Guyton’ and finally ‘Guyton-Morveau’ again.

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