CHAPTER VII

Germinal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Émile Zola
Keyword(s):  
Gentle Slope ◽  
Regular Line

They met at Le Plan-des-Dames, in a great clearing* recently opened by some tree-fellers. It stretched away in a gentle slope, surrounded by a high thicket of lofty beeches, whose regular line of straight trunks made a white colonnade, speckled green with...

Strongly even cycle decomposable 4-regular line graphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 103315
Author(s):  
Wenzhong Liu ◽  
Jiancheng Wang ◽  
Qing Cui ◽  
Yan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Line Graphs ◽  
Regular Line

WAVE OVERTOPPING OF GENTLE SLOPE REVETMENT PLACED BEHIND ARTIFICIAL REEF

2011 ◽  
pp. 1889-1897
Author(s):  
T. OTA ◽  
Y. MATSUMI ◽  
Y. KURATA ◽  
K. OHNO
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Gentle Slope

Composition of an isolated prairie in central Ontario

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3107-3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Reznicek ◽  
P. F. Maycock
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
The West ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
Equisetum Hyemale ◽  
Andropogon Scoparius ◽  
Lespedeza Capitata ◽  
Rich Flora

A remarkable prairie outlier was recently discovered in central Ontario. The site had about 1.6 ha of open prairie surrounded by 11 ha of Quercus rubra – Pinus strobus savanna. The savanna had a density of about 27 huge, open-grown trees per hectare (11 per acre). The vegetation of the prairie opening comprised four zones ranging from a dry sand barrens to a mesic to wet-mesic prairie arrayed on a gentle slope. The major dominants overall were Sorghastrum nutans, Andropogon scoparius, Danthonia spicata, Lespedeza capitata, Desmodium canadense, Aster azureus, Monarda fistulosa, Solidago nemoralis, Aster sagittifolius, Equisetum hyemale, Car ex rugosperma, and Panicum linearifolium. The site had a rich flora of 115 species, of which more than one-third were listed as prevalent or modal species of Wisconsin prairies and related communities, occurring more than 800 km to the west. In addition, about 15% of the species in the prairie opening were regionally rare and three, Carex richardsonii, Lespedeza intermedia, and Scirpus clintonii, were considered rare in Ontario.

Penerbitan Maklumat Tiga Dimensi Sebuah Lukisan Garisan Menggunakan Kaedah Jumlah Kuasa Dua Terkecil

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibollah Haron ◽  
Dzulkifli Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Linear System ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Total Least Square ◽  
Regular Line ◽  
Space Image

Pengekstrakan lukisan garisan melibatkan proses menukar lukisan garisan tidak sekata kepada lukisan sekata, mendapatkan entiti asas simpang, garisan serta kawasan dan seterusnya mendapatkan maklumat tiga dimensi lukisan. Proses penukaran lukisan tidak sekata akan menghasilkan maklumat dua dimensi lukisan dan maklumat geometri dua dimensi lukisan iaitu simpang, garisan dan kawasan masing-masing yang mewakili unjuran bucu, pinggir dan permukaan dalam tiga dimensi. Berdasarkan maklumat geometri dua dimensi ini, jenis kenalaran imej ditentukan untuk membentuk set sistem linear lebih tentu. Grimstead menggunakan empat kenalaran imej dan menggunakan lelaran kuasa dua terkecil untuk menyelesaikan sistem linear lebih tentu yang dihasilkan. Kertas kerja ini akan mencadangkan kaedah jumlah kuasa dua terkecil untuk menyelesaikan sistem linear lebih tentu yang dibentuk oleh dua kenalaran imej. Perbandingan dengan kaedah Grimstead akan ditunjukkan dan penerangan akan dibantu oleh kes kajian dan paparan output. Kata kunci: Terjemahan garisan; Jumlah Kuasa Dua Terkecil; ruang gradien; kenalaran imej; sistem linear Line drawing interpretation involves process of converting irregular line drawing to regular line drawing. The converting process produces junctions, lines and regions that are two-dimensional projection of vertices, edges, and faces of a solid model respectively. Based on the geometric information obtained, image regularities are determined and a over-determined sets of linear systems is developed. Grimstead used the three image regularities in the linear system and iterative ordinary least square to solve them. The paper is intended to propose Total Least Square method in solving over-determined sets of linear system of image regularities of a line drawing. Two image regularities have been used. The solutions obtained are visualized with the help of MATLAB tool. Case study is given to assist the explaination. Key words: Line Interpretation; Total Least Square Method; Gradient Space; Image Regularities; Linear System

Extraction of Junctions, Lines and Regions of Irregular Line Drawing: The Chain Code Processing Algorithm

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibollah Haron ◽  
Dzulkifli Mohamed ◽  
Siti Mariyam Hj. Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Engineering Product ◽  
Chain Code ◽  
Thinning Algorithm ◽  
Test Input ◽  
Code Algorithm ◽  
Regular Line ◽  
Thinning Process

Peringkat konsepsualisasi dalam kitar hayat reka bentuk produk kejuruteraan merupakan proses menterjemahkan idea jurutera ke atas sehelai kertas. Menggunakan sebatang pensil dan sehelai kertas, bentuk produk yang diinginkan akan dilakar. Lakaran seterusnya akan dikemaskinikan dengan menambah dimensi yang lebih tepat beserta pandangan-pandangan tambahan bagi menunjukkan kawasan terlindung. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan proses-proses yang terlibat dalam menterjemahkan lakaran berupa lukisan garisan tak sekata kepada lukisan sekata yang kemas. Proses ini juga turut menghasilkan tiga entiti penting iaitu simpang, garisan dan kawasan. Algoritma kod rantaian digunakan bagi mendapatkan entiti ini. Kertas kerja ini juga menerangkan proses penipisan yang terlibat sebelum algoritma kod rantaian dilaksanakan. Andaian-andaian, beberapa definisi penting dan kaedah memindahturun fail imej juga dipersembahkan. Kertas kerja ini diakhiri dengan beberapa lakaran input, kesimpulan dan cadangan pembaikan. Kata kunci: Terjemahan lukisan garisan; kod rantaian; pengestrakkan ciri; algoritma penipisan Conceptualization stage in designing engineering product is a process of translating engineer´s idea onto a sheet of paper. The product is always sketched on a sheet of paper using pencil. The sketch is tidied up by adding accurate dimension, and complete view of hidden part. This paper discusses part of the process involved in translating the sketch or irregular line drawing into a tidy or regular line drawing, that yield three important entities namely junction, line and region. The chain code algorithm is used to find these entities. The paper also explains explicit thinning process involved before the chain code methodology. Assumptions, important definitions and method of loading image file are also presented. The paper is concluded with several test input sketches, conclusion and future works. Key words: Line drawing; interpretation; chain code; feature extraction; thinning algorithm

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