A Model-Based Design Method for the Correlation between Customer Feedback and Technical Design Parameters in the Context of Systems Engineering

Nowadays considering trends such as digitalization, automated driving as well as electric mobility in products in automotive development processes is a major challenge, which has led to an enormous increase in the number of product functions of technical systems. However, the recognized processes in automotive development are strongly component-oriented and such processes partially support the development of product functions. In order to meet future trends and ensure long term customer satisfaction, a transfer from component-oriented to function-oriented development is necessary. Accordingly, a holistic concept can be useful that enables the integration of customer feedback into the early phase of product development in the context of function-orientation. However, the customer feedback evaluation and their mapping with technical subsystems have been considered mainly in the context of component-oriented development. In this contribution, a method is proposed, which is generated in the context of a product model of product generation engineering. Product Generation Engineering enables the structuring of the development process of a product generation and supports function-oriented development. The Product Model provides customer- oriented development of mechatronic products. The proposed method is achieved in the sense of model-based systems engineering and validated by the exemplarily application of a case study of a specific vehicle. Both the past and current product generations of the specific vehicle are taken into account in the development of the subsequent product generation.

Online exams and the COVID-19 pandemic: a hybrid modified FMEA, QFD, and k-means approach to enhance fairness

COVID-19 pandemic caused an increasing demand for online academic classes, which led to the demand for effective online exams with regards to limitations on time and resources. Consequently, holding online exams with sufficient reliability and effectiveness became one of the most critical and challenging subjects in higher education. Therefore, it is essential to have a preventive algorithm to allocate time and financial resources effectively. In the present study, a fair test with sufficient validity is first defined, and then by analogy with an engineering product, the design process is implemented on it. For this purpose, a hybrid method based on FMEA, which is a preventive method to identify potential failure modes and prioritize their risk, is employed. The method's output is provided to the QFD algorithm as the needs of product customers. Then, the proposed solutions to prevent failures are weighted and prioritized as the product's technical features. Some modifications are made to the classic form of FMEA in the proposed method to eliminate its deficiencies and contradictions. Therefore, our proposed algorithm is a precautionary approach that works to prevent breakdowns instead of fixing them following their occurrence. This issue is very effective in increasing the efficiency of activities in times of crisis. Eventually, a prioritized list of preventive actions is provided, allowing us to choose from available solutions in the circumstances with limited time and budgetary, where we cannot take all possible actions.

MAINTAINING CONSISTENCY ACROSS DESIGN DESCRIPTIONS IN ENGINEERING PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

The success of engineering product development depends on the effective communication of design descriptions in formats that suit the needs and capabilities of all stakeholders involved in the delivery to market and through-life support of products. Configuration management is a core design process to ensure the consistency of the technical data package, i.e., the collection of design descriptions needed to support the development, manufacture and operation of a given product. Bills of Materials (BoMs) are critical parts of the technical data package because they act as integrators: adapting detailed design descriptions to suit the needs of particular downstream processes. The ability to reconfigure BoMs while maintaining internal consistency of the technical data package (where all BoM configurations are complete and compatible with each other) is a major challenge. In this paper, we introduce research exploring computational tools that could support engineers in manipulating BoMs while also maintaining the internal consistency of the technical data package.

A Decision-Centric Framework for Modeling Evolutionary Complex Systems

The human society is facing new challenges, such as cyber-security, environmental safety, and energy sustainability, which cannot be solved by a single engineering product or system. When seeking ways to address the challenges in order to meet fundamental human needs, the solutions often lead to large-scale complex systems. In complex systems, there are large numbers of interactive entities that work together to form a system of value greater than the sum of the individuals.

Diseño conceptual de audífonos de conducción ósea y accionamiento cutáneo

En el Ecuador los problemas de hipoacusia generan en los niños que la padecen graves problemas de comunicación, al ser este un problema de más de 1000 casos al año, se requiere una solución de bajovcosto. Actualmente para solucionar problemas de hipoacusia causados por daños en el oído externo, seusan en casos audífonos de conducción ósea, que son dispositivos que se colocan mediante implante o mediante cintillos unidos a la cabeza, junto al hueso mastoides, este tipo de dispositivos generan rechazo en niños, debido a su incomodidad y evidente notoriedad. En este proyecto se hace uso de la metodología de la Ingeniería Kansei (IK), enfatizando en las emociones para el desarrollo de un dispositivo que cause respuestas positivas en los niños que lo usan y también en sus padres. Para aplicar el método de IK se plantearon 16 diseños de dispositivos de conducción ósea y mediante un análisis estadístico de la teoría de cuantificación se seleccionó un diseño que genere las emociones definidas en los usuarios. El dispositivo diseñado, luego de la evaluación realizada cubre las expectativas de los niños y genera una aceptación por parte del usuario. Palabra Claves: Kansei, audífono, conducción ósea, diseño de producto. Referencias [1]El Telégrafo, «La discapacidad auditiva afecta a 360 millones de personas en el mundo,» 28 septiembre 2017. [2]J. Nazer, G. Lay-Son y L. Cifuentes, «Prevalencia al nacimiento demicrotia-anotia. Maternidad del Hospital Clínico de la Universidadde Chile, período 1983-2005,» Revista médica de Chile, 2006. [3]M. E. Arévalo Molina y D. E. Sánchez Navarrete, «Identificación de factores de riesgo de microtía en niños atendidos en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital Pediátrico Baca Ortiz, en el período 2010 a 2014,» Universidad Católica del Ecuador , Quito, 2016. [4]Organización Mundial de la Salud, «Organización Mundial de la Salud,» 15 marzo 2019. [En línea]. Disponible en:https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss. [5]F. Coello, H. Cuevas y E. Andrade, «El tamizaje auditivo neonatal en Ecuador, un compromiso ineludible,» pp. 177-184, 2016. [6]M. F. Torres Saravia, «Estudio comparativo del nivel de desarrollo neuropsicológico en niños y niñas con deficiencia, » Quito, 2013. [7]R. Dauman, B. Carbonnièr, V. Soriano, S. Berger-Lautissier, J. Bouyé, E. Debruge, G. Coriat y J.-P. Bébéar, «Implantes cocleares en el adulto y en el niño,» Elsevier, pp. 1-13, 2000. [8]M. J. Lavilla Martín de Valmaseda, L. Cavalle Garrido, A. Huarte Irujo, F. Núnez Batalla, M. Manrique Rodriguez, Á. Ramos Macías, C. d. P. Vernetta, E. Gil-Carcedo Sañudo, L. Lassaleta, I. Sánchez-Cuadrado, J. M. Espinosa Sánchez, Á. Batuecas Caletrio y C. Cenjor Español, «Guía clínica sobre implantes de conducción de vía ósea,» Elsevier, pp. 761-766, 2017. [9]M. Nagamachi y A. M. Lokman, Innovations of Kansei Engineering, Tokyo: CRC Taylor & Francis Group, 2003. [10]I. Griha y T. Isa, «Kansei Engineering Approach in Software Interface Design Indra,» JOURNAL OF SCIENCE INNOVARE, vol. 01, nº 01, pp. 22-26, 2018. [11]I. Mañero y A. García, «El diseño Kansei y su aplicacion en la invención de una muleta de ayuda a la movilidad, » Revista Anales ICAI, vol. 1, nº 1, pp. 1-17, 2010. [12]Y. Wang y Y. Chen, «The Kansei Research on the Style of Women's Overcoats,» Multiconference on "Computational Engineering in Systems Applications"(CESA), pp. 431-436, 2006. [13]L. S. Martinez, La percepción del confort. Análisis de los parámetros de diseño y ambientales mediante Ingeniería Kansei: Aplicación a la biblioteca de Ingeniería del Diseño (UPV), Valencia: UPV, 2011. [14]P. Rodríguez de Andrés, Ingeniería Kansei y su aplicación en el diseño emocional de bibliotecas, Valencia: UPV - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 2013. [15]Fundación Prodintec, Diseño Afectivo e Ingeniería Kansei - Guía Metodológica, Gijón, Asturias, España: Centro Tecnológico para el Diseño y la Producción Industrial en Asturias Parque, 2011. [16]S. Schütte, Engineering Emotional Values in Product Design, Linköping, Sweden: Linköpings Universitet Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2005. [17]A. M. Lokman, «Design and Emotion: The Kansei Engineering,» Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia, vol. 1, nº 1, pp. 1-14, 2010. [18]S. Khalid , Biometrics and Kansei Engineering, New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2012. [19]L. D. Ferreira y D. C. Amaral, «A full example of technical procedure to application of the Kansei Engineering,» Product: Management & Development, vol. 13 , nº 2, pp. 103-118, 2015. [20]Y. Matsubara y M. Nagamachi, «An application og image procesing technology in Kansei Engineering,» Ergonomie et design, vol. 4, pp. 123-126, 1994. [21]J. E. Bauer, . G. L. Duffy y R. T. Westcott, The Quality Improvement Handbook, Milwaukee: ASQ - Quality Press, 2006. [22]M. Nagamachi, Kansei/Affective Engineering and History of Kansei/Affective Engineering in the World, Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, 2011. [23]E. Mooi, M. Sarstedt y I. Mooi-Reci, Springer Texts in Business and Economics Market Research The Process, Data, and Methods Using Stata, Singapore: Springer Nature, 2018. [24]S. T. W. Schütte, J. Eklund, J. R. Axelsson y M. Nagamachi, «Concepts, Methods and Tools in Kansei Engineering, » Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, nº 1, 2004. [25]G. Smith, Essential Statistics, Regression, and Econometrics., Elsevier Inc. All, 2015.

REPRESENTATION OF THE PRODUCT AS AN OBJECT OF DIGITALIZATION OF PRODUCTION WITH A STRUCTURED SET OF MODULES

Disadvantages of the traditional description of a mechanical engineering product are shown, which are based on technological features oriented to single, typical and group operations of the technological process. It is proposed to represent the design of the product and its parts with a structured set of relevant technological modules, in the form of a graph of a hierarchical structure. The availability of a unified methodological base makes it possible to control the development of constructively complex products, minimize duplication in the creation of new designs and effectively develope resource-saving technologies for their manufacture. The choice of the method for assessing the manufacturability of the product design is substantiated by the labor intensity of the processes at the stages of its life cycle and the formation of a set of criteria that generalize the assessment of design and technological solutions by coefficients that take into account their degree of influence on the technical and economic indicators of the processes. On the basis of a technical and economic analysis, a method for the integral assessment of production manufacturability in the product life cycle has been formed. The method combines various coefficients of manufacturability, taking into account the degree of their influence on the labor intensity of production and maintenance, repair and disposal of the product structure. Based on the results of the feasibility study, it was proposed to understand the manufacturability of the product design at the stages of its production and disposal as production adaptability.

Reformulation of the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering (MIEM) at FEUP in Two Cycles of Studies (Bachelor and Master)

This paper presents the reformulation of the Integrated Master in Mechanical Engineering (MIEM) at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) in two independent degrees (bachelor and master). The design of the new cycles of studies, triggered by decision of the Portuguese Government, followed the FEUP’s guidelines and led to a solution close to the one adopted by the existing integrated master. Therefore, the well-known “FEUP Mechanical Engineering product” is maintained, in general, since it is widely accepted in the job market, and improved by correcting some MIEM’s shortcomings. The bachelor is a non-professional degree of preparation to the master. It is clearly distinct from the cycles of studies thought at the polytechnic institutions, providing a broader scientific background, and not including design skills and dissertation. The master is a demanding degree, with innovative content and incorporating the value added by the excellence of the scientific research carried out at the Department of Mechanical Engineering. It is aligned with the needs of the industry, being different from other master degrees in the same area offered in Portugal, and designed to attract students from abroad. A SWOT analysis performed both for the bachelor and the master shows the potential of the two new cycles of studies.

THE EFFECT OF METAL ALLOY MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION IN THE CIRCULAR PLATE UNDER THE SUPERPLASTIC BLOW-FORMING

The gas-blow forming of sheet specimens under the superplastic conditions is the widespread and intensive developing technological method for metal-forming of modern alloys (mainly on the aluminium and titanium base). The investigation of evolution of the microstructure parameters in the deformation process is necessary to obtain the defect-free constructions with required mechanical properties. In thepresent paper the blow-forming process of the thin circular plate to the hemispherical form is modelled. The stress-strain relations used include the parameters of the grain size and of the hardening depending on theaccumulated plastic strain. It is shown that taking into account the evolution of the microstructure parameters in the superplastic deformation can significantly improve the estimation of the optimal characteristics of the manufacturing process and eventually can provide the most thickness-uniform engineering product.

Application of Raman Spectroscopic Imaging to Assess the Structural Changes at Cell-Scaffold Interface

Raman spectroscopic imaging and mapping were applied to characterise three-compound ceramic composite biomaterial consisting of chitosan, β-1,3-d-glucan (curdlan) and hydroxyapatite (HA) developed as a bone tissue engineering product (TEP). In this rapidly advancing domain of medical science, the urge for quick, reliable and specific method for products evaluation and tissue–implant interaction, in this case bone formation process, is constantly present. Two types of stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs), were cultured on composite surface. Raman spectroscopic imaging provided advantageous information on molecular differences and spatial distribution of compounds within and between the cell-seeded and untreated samples at a microscopic level. With the use of this, it was possible to confirm composite biocompatibility and bioactivity in vitro. Deposition of HA and changes in its crystallinity along with protein adsorption proved new bone tissue formation in both mesenchymal stem cell samples, where the cells proliferated, differentiated and produced biomineralised extracellular matrix (ECM). The usefulness of spectroscopic Raman imaging was confirmed in tissue engineering in terms of both the organic and inorganic components considering composite–cells interaction.