Integrated optimization of multiproduct multiperiod transportation and inventory under a carbon cap constraint for online retailers

This study aims to solve the problem of multiproduct multiperiod integrated transportation and inventory optimization for online retailers. A carbon cap constraint and multitype of capacitated trucks are simultaneously incorporated into the proposed mixed-integer program. A simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is designed. CPLEX 12.9.0 is used to solve the submodel obtained from the neighbourhood search and is also used to get the optimal solutions for instances. Experimental results show that the simulated annealing algorithm can find satisfactory solutions within a reasonable time. When the problem size increases, the growth of the computational time of the SA algorithm is significantly smaller than that of the CPLEX. A sensitivity analysis for the carbon cap is also conducted. The results indicate that if the carbon cap is gradually tightened, the total cost increases first with a gentle slope, and then with a remarkable slope, same as for the total number of trucks used; the total carbon emissions first decrease with a gentle slope, and then decline with a significant slope. When the carbon cap is strict, only a few different types of trucks will be considered. The percentage changes of the total cost increase and the total carbon emission reduction are also compared. When the allowed carbon emissions are gradually reduced, situation of a higher amount of carbon emission reduction and a lower amount of cost increase can be achieved. Additionally, using multiple types of trucks in the integrated optimization of transportation and inventory decisions can achieve greater cost savings with lower increments of carbon emission.

Landslide Process Revealed by Mineralogical Properties of Landslide Deposits in the Sa Pa District, Vietnam

Hau Thao Village is located in Sa Pa Prefecture, in northern Vietnam. The village contains one of the most picturesque landscapes with terraced paddy fields located in landslide topography formed on a gentle slope. However, the creation of the topography has not been sufficiently clarified. In this study, samples of soil and stone are taken from two landslide areas in Hau Thao Village for mineral composition analysis, clarifying that the sauce rock of the deposits comprising the landslide areas is made up of granitoids, forming the upper slope above the fault located in the hinterland. The landslides occurring in Hau Thao Village are caused by the remobilization of the secondary deposits transported from the upper part of the slope by debris flow.

Geochemistry of minerals of Yllymakh massif - Mesozoic alkaline ring intrusions of Central Aldan, Yakutia

<p>The Yllymakh massif is one of the Mesozoic ring intrusions of Central Aldan, Yakutia. Geological relations between rocks in this massif are enough complicated to call it multiphase. Therefore, the idea about one or different magma sources is still the topic of modern discussions. According to the previous works, there are a lot of different rocks in the Yllymakh massif. And our petrological investigation [Vasyukova et al, 2020] accepted three groups of rock that differ a lot from each other. They have not great differences in mineral composition (aegirine in all rocks, feldspars in syenites). But some critical points in their geochemical features and ages. Foid syenites containing nepheline and pseudoleucite belong to the first group. They are 140±1.9Ma old. Second group includes alkali syenites (131±2.4Ma old). And the third group of rocks are alkaline granites mostly consist of alkali pyroxene and quartz (125±1.9Ma old).</p><p>All studied rocks are divided into three groups according to the silica content and contents of the most of other elements. Points marking the composition of syenites from different groups form multidirectional trends. The alkali granite’s characteristics make an independent cluster. The REE-plots also vary. Rocks of the first group has U-shape plot and wide variations in absolute contents. Rocks of the second group have high contents of REE and gentle slope. The granites from the third group have also U-shape plot but the lowest contents.</p><p>In this work we use the LA-ICP MS to determine the contents of RE elements in minerals. There were two minerals, that have chosen – apatite and pyroxene. Usually, apatite is the main concentrator of noncoherent elements that control the form of REE-spectra and the level of REE-contents in rocks. But in the Yllymakh massif, all apatite have a similar spectra form of normalized contents. The plots of normalized REE contents have a sharp negative slope and are characterized by very insignificant Eu anomalies. Such graphs are typical for the apatite of alkaline complexes. At the same time, the REE-plots of pyroxenes are quite equal to the form of REE-plots of the corresponding rock. Pyroxenes from foid syenites and alkali granites have U-shape plot and pyroxenes from feldspar syenites have a regular negative gentle slope plot. The only difference is that the REE content in the granite pyroxenes is as high as in the syenites.</p><p>The results of the research suggest that the formation of the rock spectrum of the Yllymakh massif occurred by reactivation of geochemically similar sources in a different time in addition to others. The contents of REE in rocks were controlled by REE-contents in pyroxene and its ratio with other rock-forming minerals. Supported by RFBR grant 19-05-00788</p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.a8f2a37e3c0065515141161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&app=m&a=0&c=a9f448fcade7302be1a6ca5e05985168&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif&d=1" alt=""></p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.ad91c58e3c0063715141161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&app=m&a=0&c=61a6b8cf3e9847d9a2091f620d19fdc7&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif&d=1" alt=""></p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.dbd2469e3c0060915141161/sdaolpUECMynit/12UGE&app=m&a=0&c=7fc98b6a3ce7560d19ce7158c38a4079&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif&d=1" alt=""></p>

Temporary Confined Water-Induced Landslide in the Binary Structure of a Gentle Slope: A Case Study of the Fanshantou Landslide

With the increase in rainfall, landslides occur on many gentle slopes in the mountainous areas of southeast China. Gentle slopes have a particular dual geological structure, i.e., the lower part is a gravel soil layer with good water permeability, and the surface layer is clay soil with relatively poor water permeability. Under conditions of heavy rainfall, a gentle slope with this structure is likely to collect temporary confined water. The intermittent creep of the upper slope is caused by the floating force of the temporary confined water, which causes landslide disasters. The conditions that bring about temporary confined water are related not only to the stratum structure, but also to the rainfall intensity and the initial height of the water table level. On the basis of the characteristics of the stratum of the gentle slope landslide on the front of Fanshantou Mountain, we constructed a hydrological model in GEO-STUDIO. We investigated the effect of different rainfall intensities and initial water table levels on confined water under continuous rainfall conditions and conducted a corresponding stability analysis. The results show that when both the initial water table level and the rainfall intensity are high, temporary confined water is formed rapidly, increasing the chance of a landslide disaster. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of landslides on similar gentle slopes in the mountainous areas of southeast China.

KOZHOLYU-1 SETTLEMENT IN CENTRAL ALTAI

The paper presents the results of archaeological survey at the Kozholyu-1 settlement, on the eastern outskirts of the Kupchegen village in Onguday Distric of Altai Republic. The settlement is located on the site of a gentle slope in the Bolshoi Kozholyu tract. In several places, the settlement is eroded by seasonal water flows. Material was collected at the destroying parts of settlement, and two sections of the largest erosion in the northeastern part of the site were cleaned up. In the course of the work, a relatively small amount of material was obtained, represented by a little more than 50 fragments of ceramic vessels, a piece of iron slag, a grain grater, a fragment of a bone arrowhead and fragments of animal bones. The ornamentation of pottery is represented by large and small finger clamps, indentations of the corner, a tube, a small rectangular stamp and an elongated flat stamp. Analogies to ceramics are found in the layers of settlements attributed by researchers to the Middle Ages. Keywords: altai, settlement, early Middle Ages, fragments of ceramics, survey