scholarly journals Party Systems in Muslim Societies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Party System ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Cross National

Are party systems in Muslim-majority societies different from those in non-Muslim-majority societies? If so, how—and more importantly, why? Cross-national time-series data demonstrate that party systems in Muslim-majority countries are consistently less competitive, less open, and less institutionalized than party systems in non-Muslim-majority countries. This chapter synthesizes existing theories of party system formation to argue that the traits of party systems in Muslim-majority countries are best explained by both shared experiences and systematic variation in historical developments related to colonialism and the path dependence of institutions, rather than by the political institutions prescribed by Islamic tenets. The chapter concludes by outlining a series of unanswered questions about the differences between party systems in Muslim-majority and non-Muslim-majority societies.

scholarly journals Party Systems in Muslim Societies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Party System ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Cross National

Are party systems in Muslim majority societies different from those in non-Muslim majority societies? If so, how – and more importantly, why? Cross-national time-series data demonstrate that party systems in Muslim majority countries are consistently less competitive, less open, and less institutionalized than party systems in non-Muslim majority countries. This chapter synthesizes existing theories of party system formation to argue that the traits of party systems in Muslim majority countries are better explained by both shared experiences and systematic variation in historical developments related to colonialism and the path dependence of institutions, rather than by the political institutions prescribed by Islamic culture. The chapter concludes by outlining a series of unanswered questions about the differences between party systems in Muslim and non-Muslim majority societies.

Democratic peace: Does ethnic inclusiveness reduce interstate conflict?

2019 ◽  
pp. 019251211988473
Author(s):  
Seung-Whan Choi ◽  
Henry Noll
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Interstate Conflict ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Interstate Disputes ◽  
Time Series Data Analysis ◽  
Cross National

In this study, we argue that ethnic inclusiveness is an important democratic norm that fosters interstate peace. When two states are socialized into the notion of ethnic tolerance, they acquire the ability to reach cooperative arrangements in time of crisis. Based on cross-national time-series data analysis covering the period 1950–2001, we illustrate how two states that are inclusive of their politically relevant ethnic groups are less likely to experience interstate disputes than states that remain exclusive. This finding was robust, regardless of sample size, intensity of the dispute, model specification, or estimation method. Therefore, we believe in the existence of ethnic peace: ethnic inclusiveness represents an unambiguous force for democratic peace.

scholarly journals Economic Diversification and Institutional Quality—Issues of Concentrated Interests

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-364
Author(s):  
Petrus Olander
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Recent research has provided broad accounts of what high institutional quality is; bureaucrats should be impartial and recruited on merit, public power should not be used for private gain, there should be rule of law, and property rights should be secure. Many scholars argue the reason why, in spite of this knowledge, recent institutional reforms have had limited success is that improvements are not in the interest of incumbent elites. Constraining elites is, therefore, crucial for institutional improvements. In this article, I argue that economic diversification functions as one such constraint on elite behavior, affecting their ability to form collusive coalitions. When the economy is concentrated to a few sectors, elite interests are more uniform making it easier for them to organize. However, as the economy becomes more diverse, collusion becomes harder and elites must settle for impartial institutions more often. I test the theory using cross-national time series data covering the last 25 years; the results corroborate the theory, as the economy of a country becomes more diverse, institutions become more impartial.

The post-crisis Irish voter

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
New Parties ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
University Courses ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Unique Dataset ◽  
Cross National

This is the definitive study of the Irish general election of 2016 – the most dramatic election in a generation, which among other things resulted in the worst electoral outcome for Ireland’s established parties, the most fractionalized party system in the history of the state, and the emergence of new parties and groups, some of these of a ‘populist’ hue. This was one of the most volatile elections in Ireland (and among one of the most volatile elections in Europe), with among the lowest of election turnouts in the state’s history. These outcomes follow a pattern seen across a number of Western Europe’s established democracies in which the ‘deep crisis’ of the Great Recession has wreaked havoc on party systems. The objective of this book is to assess this most extraordinary of Irish elections both in its Irish and wider cross-national context. With contributions from leading scholars on Irish elections and parties, and using a unique dataset – the Irish National Election Study (INES) 2016 – this volume explores voting patterns at Ireland’s first post crisis election and it considers the implications for the electoral landscape and politics in Ireland. This book will be of interest to scholars of parties and elections. It should provide important supplementary reading to any university courses on Irish politics. And it should also be of interest to general readers interested in contemporary Irish affairs.

scholarly journals Troublemakers, Bystanders, and Pathbreakers

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-106
Author(s):  
Danielle Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Economic Time Series ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Economic Time ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Protest Activity

Do youth protest more than their older counterparts and is their main motivation for protest their preoccupation with unemployment? This chapter aims to answer these questions using various data sources of micro- and macro-economic time series data. Protest trends across cohorts from all Sub-Saharan African countries are first presented. A multivariate regression approach is then used to identify the significant drivers of mobilization using public opinion data. Although there are clear life cycle effects underlying protest behaviour such that younger individuals are more likely to protest than older ones, protest activity is a form of mobilization used by all age groups. For both young and old, education, engagement in activism, and deprivation of basic goods are strong predictors of protest regardless of time period. More recently, however, young people are more likely to protest if they are unemployed and if they lack trust in political institutions.

scholarly journals Introducing POSVAR: A dataset on refugee-related violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gineste ◽  
Burcu Savun
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Optimal Policies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Societal Violence ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

While scholars have for some time debated the role of refugee flows in the international spread of conflict, most evidence has been indirect due to the scarcity of systematic data on refugee-related violence. The Political and Societal Violence By And Against Refugees (POSVAR) dataset addresses this lacuna by providing cross-national, time-series data on refugees’ involvement in acts of physical violence in their host state, either as the victims or the perpetrators of violence, individually or collectively, in all countries between 1996 and 2015. In this article, we provide an overview of the main features of the dataset, identify its limitations, and trace variation in reported levels of refugee-related violence over time and across different types of actors. We emphasize that the data may be helpful to both researchers and policymakers for more accurate understanding of the prevalence of refugee-related violence and the design of more optimal policies to mitigate it.

Urbanization, the Youth, and Protest: A Cross-National Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 106939712110597
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Sawyer ◽  
Daniil M. Romanov ◽  
Maxim Slav ◽  
Andrey V. Korotayev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Youth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Youth Bulge ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

Demographic changes associated with the transformation from traditional to advanced economies are the basis for many of today’s theories of violent and non-violent protest formation. Both levels of urbanization and the size of the “youth bulge” have shown to be reliable measures for predicting protest events in a country. As these two processes result from modernization, it seems logical to hypothesize that the combined effect of the rise in urbanization and the increase in the youth population, urban youth bulge, would be a more relevant predictor for protests. Our tests on cross-national time-series data from 1950 to 2010 for 98 countries reveal that the combined effect of the two forces is an important predictor of anti-government protests. It may seem that the role of the urban youth bulge would appear to be an issue of the past as in more recent decades the proportion of the urban youth tends to decline in most countries of the world. However, this factor tends to be very relevant for many developing countries where both youth bulges have been growing for several decades and the general urban population is on the rise.

scholarly journals Endogenous Jurisprudential Regimes

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Pang ◽  
Barry Friedman ◽  
Andrew D. Martin ◽  
Kevin M. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Change Point ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Change Points ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison

Jurisprudential regime theory is a legal explanation of decision-making on the U.S. Supreme Court that asserts that a key precedent in an area of law fundamentally restructures the relationship between case characteristics and the outcomes of future cases. In this article, we offer a multivariate multiple change-point probit model that can be used to endogenously test for the existence of jurisprudential regimes. Unlike the previously employed methods, our model does so by estimating the locations of many possible change-points along with structural parameters. We estimate the model using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, and use Bayesian model comparison to determine the number of change-points. Our findings are consistent with jurisprudential regimes in the Establishment Clause and administrative law contexts. We find little support for hypothesized regimes in the areas of free speech and search-and-seizure. The Bayesian multivariate change-point model we propose has broad potential applications to studying structural breaks in either regular or irregular time-series data about political institutions or processes.

The Neo-Alexandrians: A Review Essay on Data Handbooks in Political Science

1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Robert Gurr
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nation States ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
Cross National

Four major new compilations of macropolitical data are compared and evaluated. Each summarizes a large-scale research effort to code or to collect data suitable for theoretically relevant, cross-national comparisons. As a group the new handbooks incorporate many improvements and innovations on earlier handbooks, which concentrated mainly on cross-sectional, aggregate data or simplistically coded judgments about nation-states. About a third of their measures consist of “made” data, derived by coding journalistic and historical sources. All provide some measures for cross-time comparisons; one is devoted exclusively to time-series data. Many of their measures denote properties of internal and international conflict and of international transactions. All but one are painfully self-conscious about problems of reliability and comparability of data. One criticism is the reliance of several of the handbooks on “counts” of conflict events rather than assessment of more theoretically relevant properties of conflict. A second is the paucity of indicators of inequality and, more generally, of measures which give a “view from the bottom” of political systems.

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