Urbanization, the Youth, and Protest: A Cross-National Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 106939712110597
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Sawyer ◽  
Daniil M. Romanov ◽  
Maxim Slav ◽  
Andrey V. Korotayev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Youth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Youth Bulge ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

Demographic changes associated with the transformation from traditional to advanced economies are the basis for many of today’s theories of violent and non-violent protest formation. Both levels of urbanization and the size of the “youth bulge” have shown to be reliable measures for predicting protest events in a country. As these two processes result from modernization, it seems logical to hypothesize that the combined effect of the rise in urbanization and the increase in the youth population, urban youth bulge, would be a more relevant predictor for protests. Our tests on cross-national time-series data from 1950 to 2010 for 98 countries reveal that the combined effect of the two forces is an important predictor of anti-government protests. It may seem that the role of the urban youth bulge would appear to be an issue of the past as in more recent decades the proportion of the urban youth tends to decline in most countries of the world. However, this factor tends to be very relevant for many developing countries where both youth bulges have been growing for several decades and the general urban population is on the rise.

scholarly journals Introducing POSVAR: A dataset on refugee-related violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gineste ◽  
Burcu Savun
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Optimal Policies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Societal Violence ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

While scholars have for some time debated the role of refugee flows in the international spread of conflict, most evidence has been indirect due to the scarcity of systematic data on refugee-related violence. The Political and Societal Violence By And Against Refugees (POSVAR) dataset addresses this lacuna by providing cross-national, time-series data on refugees’ involvement in acts of physical violence in their host state, either as the victims or the perpetrators of violence, individually or collectively, in all countries between 1996 and 2015. In this article, we provide an overview of the main features of the dataset, identify its limitations, and trace variation in reported levels of refugee-related violence over time and across different types of actors. We emphasize that the data may be helpful to both researchers and policymakers for more accurate understanding of the prevalence of refugee-related violence and the design of more optimal policies to mitigate it.

scholarly journals Non-bank financial institutions and economic growth: Evidence from Africa’s three largest economies

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Rateiwa ◽  
Meshach J. Aziakpono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Relationship

Background: In order for the post-2015 world development agenda – termed the sustainable development goals (SDGs) – to succeed, there is a pronounced need to ensure that available resources are used more effectively and additional financing is accessed from the private sector. Given that traditional bank lending has slowed down, the development of non-bank financing has become imperative. To this end, this article intends to empirically test the role of non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) in stimulating economic growth.Aim: The aim of this article is to empirically test the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and the development of NBFIs, and the causality thereof.Setting: The empirical assessment uses time-series data from Africa’s three largest economies, namely, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa, over the period 1971–2013.Methods: This article uses the Johansen cointegration and vector error correction model within a country-specific setting.Results: The results showed that the long-run relationship between NBFI development and economic growth is relatively stronger in Egypt and South Africa, than in Nigeria. Evidence in respect of Nigeria shows that such a relationship is weak. The nature of the relationship between NBFI development and economic growth in Egypt is positive and significant, and predominantly bidirectional. This suggests that a virtuous relationship between NBFIs and economic growth exists in Egypt. In South Africa, the relationship is positive and significant and predominantly runs from NBFI development to economic growth, implying a supply-leading phenomenon. In Nigeria, the results are weak and mixed.Conclusion: The study concludes that in countries with more developed financial systems, the role of NBFIs and their importance to the economic growth process are more pronounced. Thus, there is need for developing policies targeted at developing the NBFI sector, given their potential to contribute to economic growth.

scholarly journals The Role of Technical Innovation and Development of Industrial Sector in Korean International Business

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Khalel Al-Shawaf ◽  
Tahira Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Significance Level

With the pace of development and competitiveness, innovation plays an important role to capture the market share. Various countries have effective strategies to enhance Research and Development (R&D) and exchange value added products in international market. So, based on this the aim of this research is to examine the role of R&D, industrial design and charges for intellectual property in innovative exports in South Korean economy. Time series data for the period 1998 to 2017, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models are used to determine the dynamic interrelationship among the study variables. In summary, the overall results show that there is co-integration rank of in both trace test and value test at 1% significance level. Moreover, OLS and GMM findings depict that there is significant and positive coefficient for ID & RD which represent that they have positive impact on HT. Whereas, the IP displays a negative and significant relationship with high technology exports accordingly. Lastly, the diagnostic tests show that model is stable for the study time period and result is reliable. The current study also suggests some policy implications which can enhance innovative export products of South Korea while enhancing R&D.

Democratic peace: Does ethnic inclusiveness reduce interstate conflict?

2019 ◽  
pp. 019251211988473
Author(s):  
Seung-Whan Choi ◽  
Henry Noll
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Interstate Conflict ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Interstate Disputes ◽  
Time Series Data Analysis ◽  
Cross National

In this study, we argue that ethnic inclusiveness is an important democratic norm that fosters interstate peace. When two states are socialized into the notion of ethnic tolerance, they acquire the ability to reach cooperative arrangements in time of crisis. Based on cross-national time-series data analysis covering the period 1950–2001, we illustrate how two states that are inclusive of their politically relevant ethnic groups are less likely to experience interstate disputes than states that remain exclusive. This finding was robust, regardless of sample size, intensity of the dispute, model specification, or estimation method. Therefore, we believe in the existence of ethnic peace: ethnic inclusiveness represents an unambiguous force for democratic peace.

scholarly journals Economic Diversification and Institutional Quality—Issues of Concentrated Interests

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-364
Author(s):  
Petrus Olander
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Cross National

Abstract Recent research has provided broad accounts of what high institutional quality is; bureaucrats should be impartial and recruited on merit, public power should not be used for private gain, there should be rule of law, and property rights should be secure. Many scholars argue the reason why, in spite of this knowledge, recent institutional reforms have had limited success is that improvements are not in the interest of incumbent elites. Constraining elites is, therefore, crucial for institutional improvements. In this article, I argue that economic diversification functions as one such constraint on elite behavior, affecting their ability to form collusive coalitions. When the economy is concentrated to a few sectors, elite interests are more uniform making it easier for them to organize. However, as the economy becomes more diverse, collusion becomes harder and elites must settle for impartial institutions more often. I test the theory using cross-national time series data covering the last 25 years; the results corroborate the theory, as the economy of a country becomes more diverse, institutions become more impartial.

scholarly journals Deposit Money Banks and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Ogege ◽  
Tarila Boloupremo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Credit Allocation ◽  
Least Square Estimator ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Residual Series

This paper examines the effect of deposit money banks intermediation role on economic growth and development in Nigeria. The main objective of the research was to ascertain the extent to which sectorial credit allocation by deposit money banks have influenced growth in the economy. Time series data covering the period 1973-2011 for deposits money banks credits in Nigeria and per capita gross domestic product were analyzed within the framework of Engle-Granger Representation Theorem; the approach estimated a co-integrating regression using the ordinary least square estimator, and then investigated the presence of a co-integration relation by examining the stationarity of the estimated residual series. The findings indicate that credit allocation to the production sector is significantly promoting economic activity. The implication that can be drawn from this study is that to ensure that the banking system performs its role of credit allocation effectively it must channel funds into productive investment and more productive uses; deposit money banks should act as efficient financial intermediaries devoted to allocating resources to the most productive uses.

scholarly journals Growth Governance Nexus: A Case of Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 562-572
Author(s):  
Rabia Nazir ◽  
Mumtaz Anwar .
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Political Economic

Good governance has gained tremendous importance in the development agenda of developing economies since 1990s but growth literature gives mixed picture about the role of governance and institutional factors in explaining GDP growth. The present study is an attempt to provide empirical evidence on interlinks between governance and GDP growth. ADF and Johansen co-integration tests are applied for econometric testing of the hypothesis by using time series data from 1984 to 2010. All the variables turned out to be significant with ICRG (proxy used for governance) having positive and significant impact on GDP growth of Pakistan. Results of the study have shown that governance plays major role in determining GDP growth pattern of Pakistan. A complete reform of the political, economic system, judiciary, bureaucracy and a free media are recommended to improve governance and to achieve sustained GDP growth in Pakistan consequently.

scholarly journals The Role of Coffee Plantation in the Kerinci Regency Regional’s Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Suandi Suandi ◽  
Dompak Napitupulu ◽  
Endy Effran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Positive Ratio ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Main Driver

The main indicator in economy development was the role and contribution of each sector and or sub-sector to economic growth. One of the sub-sectors that had a major role and contribution in economy development was coffee plantations. To determine the role of coffee plantations on the community’s economy in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province, therefore the research aims were (1) to determine the role of coffee plantations on income and employment, (2) to determine the contribution of coffee plantations to income and employment, and (3) to determine the ratio of coffee plantation growth to income and employment. The research was conducted in Kerinci Regency in 2015 with 6 months research period. The research data were sourced from secondary data, which was time series data from 2005-2013. Data were analyzed using the Location Qoutient (LQ) approach, and Shift-share. The results showed that coffee plantations in Kerinci Regency were the base sector. The analysis results obtained that coffee plantations played a role as the main driver of the Kerinci Regency’s economy because it had a high income and employment. During the period of nine years 2005-2013, economic growth, income and employment of coffee plantation in Kerinci Regency showed a positive ratio value though it was fluctuated.

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