The pacific Ocean Basin to 1850

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer F. Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
World History ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
World War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Galleon Trade ◽  
Geographical Feature

The Pacific Ocean is the world's largest and deepest ocean, spanning about one-third of the earth's surface. Despite its size, the Pacific has received only scant global historical attention when compared to the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans. However, the Pacific has played a prominent role intermittently in world history, highlighted by Austronesian expansion, Manila Galleon trade, eighteenth-century European exploration, and the intense island-hopping military campaigns of World War II. At the same time, such historical interest did not translate into a familiar timeline integrating this watery geographical feature into a larger world historical framework. This article argues that there is more discontinuity than continuity to this ocean, and its history is best broken down by three distinct periods of exploration and settlement.

Ticking ecological time bombs: Risk characterisation and management of oil polluting World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 112087
Author(s):  
Matthew Carter ◽  
Freya Goodsir ◽  
Peter Cundall ◽  
Michelle Devlin ◽  
Sascha Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
World War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

THE TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN BASIN SINCE CHRON 34Y (83 MA)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky M. Wright ◽  
◽  
Maria Seton ◽  
Simon E. Williams ◽  
R. Dietmar Müller
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Cretaceous Black Shales in the Pacific: The Equatorial Position Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max J. Bouwmeester ◽  
Lydian Boschman ◽  
Nienke Berends ◽  
Jeremy D. Owens ◽  
Ben C. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Black Shales ◽  
Equatorial Position ◽  
Scientific Drilling ◽  
Geochemical Evidence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Oceanic Anoxia

<p>Although anoxia is rare in modern oceans, the marine stratigraphic record is punctuated by sedimentary and geochemical evidence for episodes of widespread oceanic anoxia. The last time in Earth history that a large volume of the ocean became anoxic was in the middle Cretaceous: black organic-carbon-rich muds were repeatedly preserved on the deep seafloor during oceanic anoxic events (OAEs).</p><p>Sedimentary and geochemical evidence for oceanic anoxia during OAEs comes mainly from the Atlantic and Tethys Oceans. Data from the Pacific Ocean, which was the largest ocean basin in the middle Cretaceous, is scarce and equivocal. Based on black shales deposited at depths of about 500–1500 m on seamounts, Monteiro et al. (2012) have suggested that at least 50 vol% of the ocean was anoxic at the climax of Cretaceous oceanic anoxia during the late Cenomanian. They also included a single black shale at DSDP Site 585 in the Mariana Basin as evidence for anoxia in the deep Pacific. We will show, however, that this is a mud turbidite reworked from shallower water.</p><p>For this study, we reviewed all available data and publications from scientific drilling that recovered Cretaceous sediments in the Pacific Ocean. The little available Cretaceous record from the Pacific consists mainly of well-oxidized sediments. The exceptions are black shales that occur at depths of about 500–1500 m on seamounts. Takashima et al. (2011) have shown that the Asian and North American continental margins of the Pacific were indeed oxic for most of the late Cenomanian OAE. </p><p>We used a new paleomagnetic reconstruction of the Pacific plate back to 150 Ma to show that all investigated Cretaceous organic-carbon-rich sediments in the Pacific Ocean were deposited while the site was located in the Equatorial Divergence Zone (10°S to 10°N). We therefore argue that organic matter deposition in the Pacific Ocean might not have been directly related to OAEs, but rather be associated with the passage of seamounts beneath the equatorial belt of high productivity.</p><p>Several authors have challenged suggestions that OAEs were characterized by globally pervasive anoxic deep water and pointed to the difficulty in sustaining whole-ocean anoxia, even in warm oceans. We agree and our results show that oceanic anoxia in the Pacific is a local phenomenon superposed on a global trend of expanded oxygen minima in the ocean.</p>

Religious Aspects of the Spanish Voyages in the Pacific during the Sixteenth Century and the Early Part of the Seventeenth

1948 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 302-315
Author(s):  
André Gschaedler
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
New World ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Galleon Trade ◽  
Spiritual Conquest

The Conquest of Mexico was under way when Magellan’s fleet left San Lucar, September 1519, in quest of a western route to the coveted Spice Islands. On May 22, 1607, the two smaller ships of Quirós’ armada put in at Cavite in the Philippines, bringing to a close the last of the great Spanish exploration voyages in the Pacific. By that time the English and the Dutch had entered the ocean. The Sea of the South of which Balboa had taken possession in the name of his sovereigns was not to be an exclusive preserve of Spain any more. Spain was on the defensive in the New World. The great era of Spanish discovery in the Pacific Ocean was not to outlast the climax of Spanish power in the Americas. Quirós never lost his faith in the mission of Spain in the Pacific, but his entreaties, and those of the friars who were ready to accompany him for the spiritual conquest of the Pacific insular world, met with deaf ears. The Spanish authorities were under the impression that Spain had already seized more than she could grasp. In the Pacific the Spaniards were now satisfied with keeping up the Manila Galleon trade, the life line of the Philippines. The task of exploration was taken up by Spain’s competitors the Dutch, the English and the French.

Origin, physical, and mineralogical nature of red clays: The Pacific Ocean Basin as a model

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Bryant ◽  
Richard H. Bennet
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean
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