Entrepreneurship, Self-employment and the Labour Market

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Self Employment

This article surveys the entrepreneurship literature as it relates to the labour market. The purpose of this article is to describe, from a mainly but not exclusively economic perspective, the principal theoretical methods and empirical findings in the field. Entrepreneurship intersects with labour markets in several other ways. For example, human capital theory can be used to help explain entrepreneurs' business performance; and labour supply models can be used to help understand their work effort patterns. Both topics attract policy interest, because policy-makers frequently express interest in promoting successful enterprises, and fostering an ‘enterprise culture’ in which hard work is encouraged and rewarded. Policy-makers also promote entrepreneurship because they believe it creates employment growth and reduces unemployment.

Why Don’t Firms Hire Young Workers During Recessions?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Forsythe
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Model ◽  
High Unemployment

Abstract Recessions are known to be particularly damaging to young workers’ employment outcomes. I find that during recessions the hiring rate falls faster for young workers than for more-experienced workers. I show this cannot be explained by the composition of jobs or workers’ labour supply decisions, and I conclude that firms preferentially hire experienced workers during periods of high unemployment. I develop a new model of cyclical upgrading that relaxes the classic assumptions of exogenous firm size and rigid wages. I show this model predicts larger log wage decreases during recessions for young workers than for experienced workers, a prediction that is supported by the data. I conclude that policy makers should consider extending unemployment insurance coverage during recessions to new labour market entrants.

Job Mobility and Earnings: An Internal Labour Market Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Creedy ◽  
Keith Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Mobility ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
Market Approach

The analysis of job mobility and earnings has been dominated by human capital theory. This approach has been subject to considerable criticism in recent years, particularly about the manner in which it conceptualizes the processes that take place between the start and end of a job. An alternative is the internal labour market approach, which focuses on the very processes which are so problematic for human capital theory. Information from three specially designed surveys of professional scientists in Australia and Britain suggests that the processes that are central to internal labour market theory are crucial to generating the distribution of earnings. While the evidence presented is not necessarily incompatible with human capital theory, it does suggest that future research on the earnings distribution could usefully involve the development of the internal labour market approach.

scholarly journals ‘Rusty, invisible and threatening’: ageing, capital and employability

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Bowman ◽  
Michael McGann ◽  
Helen Kimberley ◽  
Simon Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Job Skills ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Gender And Age

Levels of mature-age unemployment and under-employment are increasing in Australia, with older jobseekers spending longer unemployed than younger jobseekers. This article focuses on two key explanations of the difficulties confronting older jobseekers: human capital theory, which focuses on the obsolescence of older workers’ job skills, and ageism in employment. Drawing upon narrative interviews with older Australians, it critically engages with both these understandings. Using a Bourdieusian analysis, it shows how ageing intersects with the deployment of different forms of capital that are valued within particular labour market fields to shape older workers’ ‘employability’. By examining how class, gender and age intersect to structure experiences of marginalization, it questions conventional analyses that see older workers as discriminated against simply because they are older.

scholarly journals The growth of the small and medium-sized enterprises in the Polish economy and their influence on the labour market

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Trade And Investment

The small and medium-sized enterprises and self-employment significantly contribute to pro-employment growth in the economy. The main aim of the paper is to describe the determinants of development of SME sector in Poland and to show its significance as a generator of jobs. The article has been structure as follows. Section 2 provides the characteristics and importance of the small and medium-sized enterprises. Section 3 outlines the main provisions of the European Charter for Small Enterprises. Section 4 presents data illustrating SMEs’ growth trends and significance in Poland in the years 2003-2007 by the type of an enterprise, employment, and the share in GDP, foreign trade and investment. Section 5 discusses government’s policies towards utilising the sector’s growth potential for Poland. Section 6 presents major conclusions derived from the earlier discussion.

Entrepreneurship education programme, passion and attitude towards self-employment

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akuraun Shadrach Iyortsuun ◽  
Meshach G. Goyit ◽  
Reuel J. Dakung
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Drawing on the human capital theory and the dual model of passion, this study aims to explore the mediating role of passion on the relationship between entrepreneurship education programme and students’ attitude towards self-employment (SE). Design/methodology/approach The proposed research framework was tested on a sample of 445 higher education students in four universities in North-Central Nigeria. Findings The results indicated that learning and inspiration account for the variation in students’ attitude towards SE. Furthermore, the study revealed that harmonious and obsessive passion largely mediate the relationship between entrepreneurship education programme and attitude towards SE. Practical implications The policy implication is the scaling of policies targeted at encouraging the development of passion given its significant role in the entrepreneurship education programme and attitude towards SE link. Originality/value The study has established the importance of human capital theory in explaining the attitude towards SE phenomenon using a multi-theoretical approach and has advanced the theoretical field of affect and its relevance in the field of entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals The Human Capital Hoax: Work, Debt and Insecurity in the Era of Uberization

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Gary Becker

Human capital theory – developed by neoclassical economists like Gary Becker and Theodore Schultz – is widely considered a useful way to explain how employees might enhance their value in organizations, leading to improved skill, autonomy and socio-economic wellbeing. This essay argues the opposite. Human capital theory implies that employees should bear the costs (and benefits) of their investment. Highly individualized training and work practices are an inevitable corollary. Self-employment, portfolio careers, the ‘gig economy’ and on-demand business models (including Uber and Deliveroo) faithfully reflect the assumptions that inform human capital theory. I term this the radical responsibilization of the workforce and link it to growing economic insecurity, low productivity, diminished autonomy and worrying levels of personal debt. The essay concludes by proposing some possible solutions.

Career Development and Human Capital Theory: Preaching the “Education Gospel”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Education System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Relationships

This chapter analyses the relationship between career development, education, and human capital theory. It argues that education lies at the heart of our understanding of how individuals develop their careers and how purposeful career development interventions can support them in this endeavour. Career development services are most evident and accessible in the education system. This relationship is not accidental but is rooted in both the historical development of the field and in the importance of human capital theory to the ideology of both education and career development. The chapter finishes by critiquing the dependence of policymakers and advocates for the field on human capital theory and by considering alternative relationships that could be built between education and career development.

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