Early Mathematics and Astronomy

2018 ◽  
pp. 170-194
Author(s):  
Leonid Zhmud
Keyword(s):  
Number Theory ◽  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Early Mathematics ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Mathematical Investigation ◽  
Greek Mathematics

The chapter surveys Greek mathematics and astronomy, as far as it can be known from works before circa 300 bce. Key sources are the now-fragmentary histories of astronomy and of geometry composed by Eudemus of Rhodes, a student of Aristotle. Eudemus focused on “first discoverers” of theorems or procedures. The role of deductive mathematical proof in Greek mathematics is central, derives from the agonistic character of Greek culture, and probably largely displaced earlier more practical or procedural mathematics. The main lines of mathematical investigation that survive concerned geometry and also arithmetic and number theory. Many of these early mathematicians were also astronomers. The main lines of astronomical investigation concerned the motions of the sun, moon, and planets, about which a variety of observations were made, and for which a variety of models were constructed.

Why do early mathematics skills predict later reading? The role of mathematical language.

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Purpura ◽  
Jessica A. R. Logan ◽  
Brenna Hassinger-Das ◽  
Amy R. Napoli
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Language ◽  
Early Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics Skills

Mathematical proof that rocked number theory will be published

Nature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 580 (7802) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Davide Castelvecchi
Keyword(s):  
Number Theory ◽  
Mathematical Proof

From Performance to Casket Copy

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 190-208
Author(s):  
Cordell M. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Standard Of Comparison

Does the central role of the Iliad and the Odyssey in ancient Greek culture indicate that they functioned as scripture? Taking the role of the Tanakh in Jewish culture as the standard of comparison, this essay argues that, while the Tanakh and the epics functioned similarly as foundational texts in their respective cultures, the ways in which Homer was used in Hellenic culture differ markedly from the ways in which the Tanakh was used in ancient Jewish culture. The Homeric epics were primarily thought of as orally delivered or performed events throughout most of their history, only coming to be thought of as primarily written texts in the Hellenistic era and later, whereas almost from its origins the Tanakh commands and exemplifies a textcentered community in which that which is written is most important.

The role of science in the study of and response to space threats

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 777-799
Author(s):  
B. M. Shustov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
The Sun ◽  
National Program ◽  
Biological Hazard ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Space Activities

During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, space hazards multiplied, the most urgent of which is space debris. Professionals working in space are exposed to this hazard daily and are aware of it as a problem. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid to the unpredictable behavior of the Sun, which produces the so-called space weather. The asteroid-comet hazard is considered as potentially having the most catastrophic consequences. No manifestations of biological hazard have yet been observed, although as space activities develop, it is becoming increasingly important. The appropriate time scale for astrophysical hazards is many millions of years, so from a practical perspective, they have no importance. This article briefly describes the main types of space hazards. The author analyzes the results of research and practical work in the field, both worldwide and specifically in Russia. Comparative analysis leads to the clear conclusion that a national program must be developed for the study of space hazards and to respond to space threats. This article is based on a report made by the author at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on January 15, 2019.

The Form of the Good I

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Payne
Keyword(s):  
The Sun

This chapter discusses the premise that understanding the Form of the Good is the unintended end or purpose of philosophic inquiry in the sense of Plato’s functional teleology of action. It begins the presentation of this theme by introducing the three images that Socrates uses to convey his beliefs about the Form of the Good: the Sun, the Divided Line, and the Cave. A motif common to these images is the role of vision as an analogue to knowledge. Plato’s theory of vision in the Timaeus is examined in detail. The image of the Divided Line in particular conveys the thought that we exercise vision for the sake of directing our thought toward intelligible objects. The present chapter concludes with an overview of the comparison Plato frequently employs between vision and knowledge.

 Statistical study of CMEs, lateral overexpansion and SEP events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Adamis ◽  
Astrid Veronig ◽  
Tatiana Podladchikova ◽  
Karin Dissauer ◽  
Rositsa Miteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Solar Energetic Particle ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Time Range ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Lateral Expansion ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Angular Expansion

<p><strong>We present a statistical study on the early evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), to better understand the effect of CME (over)- expansion and how it relates to the production of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events. We study the kinematic CME characteristics in terms of their radial and lateral expansion, from their early evolution in the Sun’s atmosphere as observed in EUV imagers and coronagraphs. The data covers 72 CMEs that occurred in the time range of July 2010 to September 2012, where the twin STEREO spacecraft where in quasiquadrature </strong><strong>to the Sun-Earth line. From the STEREO point-of-view, the CMEs under study were observed close to the limb. We calculated the radial and lateral height (width) versus time profiles and derived the corresponding peak and mean velocities, accelerations, and angular expansion rates, with particular emphasis on the role of potential lateral overexpansion in the early CME evolution. We find high correlations between the radial and lateral CME velocities and accelerations. CMEs that are associated tend to be located at the high-value end of the distributions of velocities, widths, and expansion rates compared to nonSEP associated events.<br></strong></p>

The Role of Chlorine in Stratospheric Chemistry

1996 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1749-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Molina
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Plastic Foam ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Stratospheric Chemistry ◽  
Blowing Agents ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone Layer ◽  
The Earth

The chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are industrialchemicals used as solvents, refrigerants, plastic foam blowing agents,etc. These compounds are eventually released to the environment; theyslowly drift into the stratosphere, where they decompose, initiatinga catalytic process involving chlorine free radicals and leading toozone destruction. The stratospheric ozone layer is important for theearth's energy budget, and it shields the surface of the earth fromultraviolet radiation from the sun. Very significant depletion of theozone layer has been observed in the spring months over Antarctica duringthe last 10-15 years. Laboratory experiments, model calculations andfield measurements, which include several aircraft expeditions, haveyielded a wealth of information which clearly points to the CFCs asthe main cause of this depletion.

scholarly journals La magie du temps et des saisons dans la dramaturgie de Paul Willems

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Renata Jakubczuk
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Basic Hypothesis

In the current article we are examining the presence, importance and significance of weather and seasons in dramatic works of the Belgian writer, Paul Willems. Our study relies upon the methodology of patternsof transitivity proposed by Jean-Pierre Richard. After explaining the principals of our approach, then presenting the corpus of the studied texts and formulating our basic hypothesis concerning the weather, we are reviewing four weather phenomena: the rain, the wind, the snow, and the sun. The completedanalysis confirmed the calming role of the rain, the soothing role of the sun and the warning role of the wind. However, we realized, besides the liberating role of the snow in the introduction, its more complex significance because it “weighs heavily” on the life of the characters.

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