Youth Justice in Hungary During the 20th and 21st Centuries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Lévay
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Precise Understanding

Juvenile justice systems are not static constructions but are highly dependent on the cultural, historical, and political environment. Therefore, analyses cannot provide a complete picture of them without explaining the effects of these to the development of the system. To encourage precise understanding on the main issues and institutions of the contemporary Hungarian juvenile justice system, this essay uses developmental and cultural perspectives, focusing on the introduction of formal law and legal practice. In this framework the author explains special characteristics of the Hungarian system, such as the traditional two-tiered justice system, the types and practice of deprivation of liberty of juveniles, the development of the consideration of culpability and maturity of delinquent children, and the limited overlap with child welfare. Beyond historical explanations, the author provides a contemporary evaluation of this development and points out the weakest areas with respect to international children’s rights.

Race-ing Innocence

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-37
Author(s):  
Tera Eva Agyepong
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Great Migration

This chapter elucidates the community milieu in which the nascent juvenile justice system operated. Racialized notions of childhood, Progressive uplift, and the politics of child welfare primed black children to be marked as delinquents even before they formally stepped foot inside Cook County Juvenile Court. The vast majority of public and private agencies for poor, abused, neglected, or abandoned children excluded black children because of their race, even as they readily accepted white and European immigrant children. This dearth of institutional resources for black children was exacerbated by the Great Migration. Chicago’s black community adapted to these realities by doing their own “child-saving” and inserting themselves into a juvenile justice system that began to play a defining role in shaping the trajectory of many black children’s lives.

Taking the “Girl” Out of Gender-Responsive Programming in the Juvenile Justice System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Irvine-Baker ◽  
Nikki Jones ◽  
Aisha Canfield
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
State Custody ◽  
System States ◽  
State And Local

Since the early 2000s, state and local policy makers, practitioners, and advocates accelerated existing federal efforts to reform the youth justice system and dramatically reduce the number of youth detained in the juvenile justice system. States across the country achieved these drops through policy changes that created fiscal disincentives and legal roadblocks to state custody. Yet recent research shows that youth of color and LGBQ-GNCT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning, gender-nonconforming, and transgender) youth continue to be overrepresented in many juvenile justice systems throughout the country. In this review, we interrogate these disparities more deeply in an effort to ( a) advocate for continued and increased efforts to reduce racial disparities in the juvenile justice system; ( b) break the silence around the experiences of LGBQ-GNCT youth in the system, which are overwhelmingly youth of color; and ( c) encourage a deeper appreciation of sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression and how they intersect with race when it comes to serving youth in the justice system.

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