Understanding racial disproportionality affecting African American Youth who cross over from the child welfare to the juvenile justice system: Communication, power, race and social class

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Marie Marshall ◽  
Wendy L. Haight
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
System Communication ◽  
Racial Disproportionality

The Discontinuity of Offending Among African American Youth in the Juvenile Justice System

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail B. Williams ◽  
Joseph P. Ryan ◽  
Pamela E. Davis-Kean ◽  
Vonnie C. McLoyd ◽  
John E. Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Parental Supervision ◽  
The Impact

Little is known about what factors contribute to African American youth desisting from offending. Participants were 3,230 moderate- to high-risk adolescents from Washington State who completed a statewide risk assessment to assess the likelihood of recidivism. Participants were screened by juvenile probation officers between 2003 and 2010. Researchers investigated whether youth possessed protective factors and whether developmental change took place after contact with the juvenile justice system. It was hypothesized that having protective factors would decrease the likelihood of recidivism and the impact of each factor would differ by gender. Findings indicate African American youth have protective factors across a range of domains. However, little developmental change occurs after contact with the juvenile justice system. Impulse control, parental supervision, and pro-social peers were important for reducing recidivism. Problem solving was more influential for African American males, while impulse control and parental supervision were more influential for African American females. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.

African-American Youth: Drug Trafficking and the Justice System

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084
Author(s):  
Susan Leviton ◽  
Marc A. Schindler ◽  
Renee S. Orleans
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Analytic Review

Objective. To examine the role of the legal system in adolescent drug trafficking. Methods. Descriptive and analytic review of the literature and relevant legislation. Findings. Utilization of young adolescents by drug "kingpins" in drug trafficking is a new practice that is highly advantageous to the employer for several legal and economic reasons. From the perspective of the drug kingpins, juveniles are particularly useful in drug trafficking because they work for lower wages. Further, even if the youth are arrested, the juvenile justice system enables their rapid return for continued service in the drug trade. From the perspective of the youth, drug trafficking offers one of the few economic opportunities available to them. Further, the numbers suggest a tremendous racial disparity in the juvenile justice system. Conclusions. The mutual advantages to both employer and employee of using youths in drug trafficking increases the likelihood that this new practice will continue to flourish and with increasingly young children. Effective prevention and treatment interventions will need to be multifaceted, addressing the economic, educational, and social issues that have permitted the rapid emergence of adolescent drug trafficking. Finally, further investigation of the apparent racial disparities is necessary.

Perceived parental security profiles in African American adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system.

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Andretta ◽  
Aaron M. Ramirez ◽  
Michael E. Barnes ◽  
Terri Odom ◽  
Shelia Roberson-Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
African American Adolescents

Youth Justice in Hungary During the 20th and 21st Centuries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Lévay
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Precise Understanding

Juvenile justice systems are not static constructions but are highly dependent on the cultural, historical, and political environment. Therefore, analyses cannot provide a complete picture of them without explaining the effects of these to the development of the system. To encourage precise understanding on the main issues and institutions of the contemporary Hungarian juvenile justice system, this essay uses developmental and cultural perspectives, focusing on the introduction of formal law and legal practice. In this framework the author explains special characteristics of the Hungarian system, such as the traditional two-tiered justice system, the types and practice of deprivation of liberty of juveniles, the development of the consideration of culpability and maturity of delinquent children, and the limited overlap with child welfare. Beyond historical explanations, the author provides a contemporary evaluation of this development and points out the weakest areas with respect to international children’s rights.

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