Cleft Lip and Palate in Infants With Prenatal Opioid Exposure

Objective: This study examines phenotypic presentation and perioperative outcomes of cleft-related procedures for infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and prenatal opioid exposure. Design: This is a retrospective review of infants with prenatal opioid exposure treated for CL/P from 2008 to 2018. Setting: Patients cared for at a tertiary center from 2008 to 2018. Patients/Participants: Eighteen patients with documented prenatal opioid exposure and CL/P had primary repairs in our unit. Main Outcome Measure(s): The phenotypes of CL/P were characterized. Demographic data regarding additional exposures, as well as associated medical and social comorbidities were recorded. Outcome variables included operative delays, perioperative complications, and loss of follow-up. Results: Isolated cleft palate (CP; 67%) was overrepresented among patients with prenatal opioid exposure and CL/P, as was Robin sequence (50% in isolated CP). Fifty-six percent had exposure to additional substances. A majority (67%) had other medical conditions or anomalies, and 17% had known genetic syndromes. Seventy-two percent were in state custody. Thirty-nine percent of exposed patients had delays in their planned operative dates due to medical and/or social factors. There were no postoperative readmissions following cleft procedures. Lack of follow-up was noted in 33% of patients. Conclusions: Infants with CL/P who have prenatal opioid exposure are likely to have additional medical conditions and complex social challenges.

Still in an Abusive Relationship

This chapter looks at the annual conference called the Battered Mothers Custody Conference, which aims to inform, support, and advocate for survivors of domestic violence. It explains that the annual event, which started in 2006, allows survivors to network with each other and with the professionals and advocates who come to present at the conference. It also mentions the publication A Judge's Guide: Making Child-Centered Decisions in Custody Cases, which urges judges to count domestic violence as a serious factor in the determination of child custody, arguing that an abuser acts de facto against the best interests of the child by virtue of their abuse. The chapter mentions recommendations in the guide for training all parties engaged in custody disputes in a domestic violence context. It points out American states that have some consideration of domestic violence built into its state custody laws.

PROFESSIONAL READYNESS OF FUTURE SOCIAL EMPLOYEE FOR WORK IN ALTERNATIVE FORMS OFSTATE CARE FOR CHILDREN

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of forming the professional readiness of the future social worker to work in alternative forms of state custody of children. Different approaches of scientists to determine the nature and structure of professional readiness are analyzed. It is noted that the professional readiness of the future social worker to work in alternative forms of child custody is an important integrative quality and stable personal characteristics of the future specialist, which is manifested in his ability to carry out effective professional activities in alternative forms of child custody and is the result of his training. The specified type of activity in the institution of higher education. The types are determined, the structure is clarified and the components, criteria and indicators of professional readiness of the future social worker to work in alternative forms of state custody of children are characterized. Key words: social sphere, future specialist, professional activity, readiness, readiness structure, components, criteria, indicators.

Historical Modes of Perpetual Penal Confinement: Theories and Practices before Life Without Parole

Scholars now recognize life imprisonment without parole (LWOP) as a defining feature of contemporary American punishment. As LWOP becomes topical, it draws attention to a significant, more general phenomenon: the growth of state-sanctioned policies and practices by which prisoners face the remainder of their lives in prison. This article seeks to expand perspectives on contemporary punishment by looking closely at how lifetime incarceration took shape historically in different political projects and penal systems. Drawing from primary materials and a comprehensive review of secondary historical literature, I examine modes of perpetual penal confinement: combinations of sanctions and practices that result in holding people in state custody permanently. Interpreting classic penological paradigms anew, the article illuminates the significant role that perpetual confinement has played in influential theories of criminal justice and shows how it has proved a versatile tool for social control and prison administration across diverse penal schemes, largely because of its unique temporal character. The article concludes with a diagnosis of contemporary American punishment, suggesting that LWOP—beyond being a cruel and exclusionary penalty—is symptomatic of a system in which imprisonment until death has become uniquely ordinary.

Before Emptiness: On the Destructiveness and Impotence of Law

Stanton Street in Haifa lost its Arabic name during the British mandate in Palestine. After the 1948 war and the subsequent Zionist "ethnic homogenization" of the land, the street became Shivat Zion (the Return of Zion). The Palestinian residents were forced out, their homes taken into state custody as a result of a series of Israeli Absentee Property Laws. Today, this street is lined with the ruined homes of Palestinian refugees whose return Israel prevents. While the street has undergone many transmutations, a stretch of dismembered rubble remains. Unlike other scarred houses of Palestinian refugees on the same street, sold by the state to Israelis who restored them and settled in them, the rubble cannot be renovated. In their rubbly ruination, they resist becoming a site for the new law of the land. Israel's mission has been to fill up the emptiness Palestinians were forced to leave behind with settlers or new colonial symbolic meanings. This stretch, however, has proved unfillable, its emptiness uninhabitable. It can only be further destroyed. But if law knows only how to annihilate dismembered ruins, it is incapable of exerting its authority over them. It is impotent in the face of the resistance they offer.

Taking the “Girl” Out of Gender-Responsive Programming in the Juvenile Justice System

Since the early 2000s, state and local policy makers, practitioners, and advocates accelerated existing federal efforts to reform the youth justice system and dramatically reduce the number of youth detained in the juvenile justice system. States across the country achieved these drops through policy changes that created fiscal disincentives and legal roadblocks to state custody. Yet recent research shows that youth of color and LGBQ-GNCT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning, gender-nonconforming, and transgender) youth continue to be overrepresented in many juvenile justice systems throughout the country. In this review, we interrogate these disparities more deeply in an effort to ( a) advocate for continued and increased efforts to reduce racial disparities in the juvenile justice system; ( b) break the silence around the experiences of LGBQ-GNCT youth in the system, which are overwhelmingly youth of color; and ( c) encourage a deeper appreciation of sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression and how they intersect with race when it comes to serving youth in the justice system.

PENYULUHAN AGAMA HINDU BAGI NARAPIDANA DI RUMAH TAHANAN KLAS II B NEGARA, KABUPATEN JEMBRANA

<p class="Default"><em>The State Detention Unit (Rutan) is the place where the suspect or defendant is detained during the process of investigation, prosecution and examination in court and place for inmate who are undergoing criminal verdict. Inmates obtain various forms of coaching that have been programmed by Rutan. Although it has gained various forms of counseling but not infrequently there are inmates who after freedom and return to community again commits a crime and resulted in the prisoner back into Rutan. So based on the phenomenon that happened, researcher interested to do research about counseling of Hinduism for prisoners in State Class II State B prison, Jembrana Regency, in order to prevent the return of prisoners to do criminal act and so that prisoners no longer re-enter into Rutan.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>The problems in this research are: (1) Form of execution of Hindu counseling for prisoners in Class II State Household Detention.B State, Jembrana District, (2) Factors that hamper the implementation of Hindu counseling for inmates in Prisons Class II. B State, Jembrana District, (3) How to overcome obstacles in the implementation of Hindu counseling for prisoners in the State Detention Class II.B State, Jembrana District. Theories used to analyze the problem are Structural Functional theory and the theory of Rangsang Balas. The subject of this study is the Prisoners in Rutan. Data collection methods used by the authors ie observation, interviews, literature, documentation, and data analysis techniques.</em></p><p class="Default"><em>The results showed that the forms of extension of Hinduism held in State Household of Class II B State were delivered in the form of Dharma Wacana, Dharma Sadhana and Dharma Yatra. Factors inhibiting the implementation of Hindu counseling for prisoners in State Detainee Class II B State that is the factor of lack of extension workers, funding factors, factors of inmates. Efforts to overcome obstacles in the implementation of Hindu counseling in the State Detainee Class II B State namely by empowering functionaries in the State custody and establish cooperation with related parties, carry out internal fund digging and attendance.</em></p>