Wilt of Cacao Fruits (Theobroma Cacao): V. Seasonal Variation in Potassium, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Calcium of the Bark and Wood of the Cacao Tree

1950 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. HUMPHRIES
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Cacao Tree ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Pseudolagarobasidium (Basidiomycota): on the reinstatement of a genus of parasitic, saprophytic, and endophytic resupinate fungi

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1319-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Hallenberg ◽  
Martin Ryberg ◽  
R. Henrik Nilsson ◽  
Alan R. Wood ◽  
Sheng-Hua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Leguminous Trees ◽  
Molecular Context ◽  
Cacao Tree ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Ecological Range

The small resupinate genus Pseudolagarobasidium (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) presently comprises less than five species, all of which were described from tropical to subtropical regions, and two of which are root parasites on leguminous trees. The genus has recently been synonymized with Radulodon on morphological grounds, and the present study evaluates this proposal in a molecular context. Pseudolagarobasidium was found to constitute a well supported, monophyletic group excluding Radulodon and this synonymy is rejected. The ecological range of the genus spans saprotrophy to parasitism, and this study presents evidence that at least one lineage in Pseudolagarobasidium is endophytic in the cacao tree ( Theobroma cacao L.).

GROWTH AND YIELD OF COCONUT–CACAO INTERCROPS

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. MIALET-SERRA ◽  
X. BONNEAU ◽  
S. MOUCHET ◽  
W. T. KITU
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Cacao Tree ◽  
Tree Development

The study of interactions between cacao (Theobroma cacao) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) in Lampung, Indonesia, examined different combinations of age, plant lay-out, planting chronology and choice of planting material under changing environmental conditions. Four coconut-cacao intercropping trials were used to assess the performance of each intercrop under limiting or non-limiting environmental conditions. In intercropping experiments with young cacao trees and young coconut palms, delayed cacao tree development and reduced yields were observed. When coconut palms were aged five years or over, coconut and cacao growth were satisfactory under virtually normal environmental conditions; death rates remained reasonable and yield percentages differed little from those of the monocultures for each crop. The performance of both plants, however, changed when water became a limiting factor.

Seasonal variation in the nutrient composition of the foliage of pecan (Carya illinoensis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Cresswell ◽  
RJ Wickson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
New South ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Leaves were sampled every 2 weeks throughout the 1980-81 and 1981-82 growing seasons from a commercial pecan orchard in New South Wales. Leaf concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were highest at leaf emergence and decreased with time. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and boron were lowest early in the season and increased with time. There was no true seasonal pattern in leaf zinc which varied in apparent response to foliar zinc spray use. These trends were similar for the cultivars Witchita and Western Schley. Minimum seasonal variation in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the main fertiliser nutrients, occurred between 1 February and 21 March. This period is therefore the most suitable for general diagnostic purposes such as the evaluation of fertiliser programs and surveys of crop nutrient status.

The Criollo cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.): a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1807-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lachenaud ◽  
J. C. Motamayor
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Cacao Tree ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

scholarly journals Change in physico-chemical properties of soil and nutrients in Desmodium triflorum in case of seasonal variation in Ratnanagar-11, Jirauna, Chitwan, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Niroj Paudel ◽  
Lila Pati Paudel ◽  
Prakash Deep Rai ◽  
Bishnu Dev Das
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Properties Of Soil

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Physico-chemical change is described in case of seasonal variation. The plant became grazed in different seasonings; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are estimated. The aim of paper is the nutrient uptake of <em>Desmodium triflorum due</em> to the change in season.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The sample is collected as four month interval period the grass is tolerate as low pH<strong>. </strong>N-1.67–2.04%, P- 0.34–0.61% and K-1.46–4.15%.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Soil had lowest concentrations of nitrogen (0.096%), phosphorus (0.004%), and potassium (0.027%) in the rainy season. The highest concentration of nitrogen (0.22%) occurred in summer season, phosphorus (0.005%) in winter and summer seasons, and potassium (0.073%) in the winter season. The carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was highest (15.22:1) in summer and lowest (13.96:1) in the rainy season.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Present study will be valuable in evaluation and management of the middle land pastures in Nepal.</p>

Chocolate Is a Product of the Cacao Tree

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Dale Walters
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cacao Tree

This chapter looks at both the Theobroma cacao tree and its cultivation. It covers cacao botany: its unusual habit of cauliflory, where the flowers, and hence the pods, arise directly from the trunk and main branches of the tree; pollination of its flowers, which is linked with the ecology of the rain forest in which it grows; and dispersal of its seeds, which is almost unique in its dependency on vertebrate animals such as monkeys, bats, and squirrels. The chapter also deals with the cultivation of cacao, mostly by smallholder farmers on individual, family-managed farms, typically 0.5 –7 ha in size, in the lowland tropical regions of Latin America, West Africa, and Indonesia. Finally, the chapter examines the impact of the increasing demand for chocolate on the push towards the intensification of cocoa cultivation, threatening to shift production even further from the traditionally managed, sustainable cultivation systems of the past.

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