ỨNG DỤNG GIS VÀ VIỄN THÁM ĐÁNH GIÁ BIẾN ĐỘNG DIỆN TÍCH CÂY CAO SU DO ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA BÃO SỐ 10 NĂM 2013 TẠI HUYỆN BỐ TRẠCH, TỈNH QUẢNG BÌNH GIAI ĐOẠN 2013-2019

Nghiên cứu này sử dụng ảnh vệ tỉnh Landsat LC8 của các năm 2013, 2014, và 2019 để giải đoán phân loại lớp phủ cây cao su ở huyện Bố Trạch, tỉnh Quảng Bình và đánh giá biến động diện tích cao su sau ảnh hưởng của bão số 10 (tên là Wutip) năm 2013. Kết quả giải đoán còn sử dụng để đánh giá thiệt hại diện tích trồng cây cao su do ảnh hưởng của bão số 10 năm 2013 và biến động diện tích trồng cây cao su giai đoạn 2013-2019. Các số liệu điều tra thực địa, phỏng vấn cán bộ, số liệu báo cáo thứ cấp, tài liệu phục vụ các hội thảo về phát triển cây cao su ở Quảng Bình đã được thu thập để hỗ trợ cho công việc phân tích, giải đoán ảnh vệ tinh. Nghiên cứu này kết hợp phương pháp giải đoán ảnh theo định hướng đối tượng kết hợp với thuật toán Maximum Likelihood. Kết quả giải đoán đã được đánh giá, độ chính xác giải đoán tổng thể biến động từ 82-88% và hệ số Kappa biến động từ 0,8-0,87 trong các năm nghiên cứu. Qua thống kê kết quả giải đoán ảnh viễn thám Landsat LC8, diện tích trồng cây cao su tại huyện Bố Trạch, tỉnh Quảng Bình bị thiệt hại đáng kể do ảnh hưởng của bão số 10 năm 2013, hơn 1.500 ha bị thiệt hại. Tuy nhiên, mỗi năm diện tích cây sao su được khôi phục lại và trồng mới tại huyện Bố Trạch, do đó sau bão số 10 năm 2013, diện tích cây cao su tăng lên đáng kể từ năm 2014-2019, hơn 2.500 ha. ABSTRACT This study used Landsat LC8 satellite images of 2013, 2014, and 2019 to interpret the classification of rubber tree landcover in Bo Trach district, Quang Binh province and evaluate changes in rubber area after the impact of storms number 10 (named Wutip) in 2013. The results of interpretation were also used to assess the damage of rubber plantations due to the impact of typhoon number 10 in 2013 and changes in rubber plantation area in the period of 2013- 2019. Data from field surveys, interviews with local staff, secondary report data, and documents of conference on rubber tree development in Quang Binh was collected to support analysis and interpretation. This study combined the object-oriented image analysis method combined with the Maximum Likelihood algorithm. The interpretation results were evaluated, the overall interpretation overall accuracy varied from 82-88% and the Kappa coefficient varied from 0.8-0.87 in the studied years. Through the statistical interpretation results of the Landsat LC8 detective, the rubber plantation area in Bo Trach district, Quang Binh province was significantly damaged due to the impact of typhoon number 10 in 2013, over 1500 hectares were damaged. However, each year, the area of ​​​​the rubber tree is restored and newly replanted in Bo Trach district, so after the typhoon number 10 in 2013, the area of ​​rubber trees increased significantly from 2014-2019, over 2,500 ha.

Tree slenderness coefficient at Bali Botanic Garden

Standing trees has a higher risk regarding structural damage that can cause trees or parts of trees to fail. Meanwhile, Bali Botanic Garden is located in a highland area that periodically gets natural disasters such as heavy wind. However, the information on tree stability is little known. Therefore, tree stability at Bali Botanic Garden was assessed using tree slenderness coefficient (SC) as an indicator. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for locations which highly visited. A total of 624 trees with dbh>40 cm were examined as samples. Trees were classified based on their SC as high (>80), moderate (SC:70-80), low (SC<70). Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation analysis. Tree slenderness coefficient at Bali Botanic Garden classified as low (609 specimens), medium (11 specimens), and high (4 specimens). Trees with the high category were three individuals of Bischofia javanica Blume (SC=82.76, 83.69, and 89.63) and a Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. (SC=116.13). Trees with high SC had a higher susceptibility to wind-induced damage. There was a negative correlation between SC and others tree parameters except for tree height (r=0.44). Hence appropriate silvicultural treatment like thinning is recommended to enhance better tree development and minimize tree risk.

Anatomical characterization and technological properties of Pterogyne nitens wood, a very interesting species of the Brazilian Caatinga biome

Pterogyne nitens is commonly known in northeastern Brazil as a lesser-known fast-growing species in the Caatinga biome, which is a difficult place for tree development due to the low natural fertility soils and low availability of water. Due to the importance of expanding information about the anatomical wood properties of Caatinga native species, the aim of this work was to characterize the anatomical elements, to macroscopically describe the wood and make inferences about its possible end-uses. Maceration was performed which enabled measuring fiber dimensions, pore frequency and the following technological indexes: cell wall fraction, slenderness ratio, Runkel index and flexibility coefficient. Histological sections enabled describing the arrangements of the cellular elements in different observation sections and to determine the pore diameter. P. nitens wood has anatomical arrangements characterized by confluent axial parenchyma, being diffuse-porous with the presence of tylosis and heterogeneous/stratified rays (biseriate). The fibers were classified as very short (length 0.81 mm), not flexible and Runkel index 0.82. The pores were few in number with a frequency of 32.9 pores/mm2, distributed in a diffuse format and many were obstructed by tylosis. Based on the anatomical results and considering other technological studies, P. nitens wood is most suitable for charcoal production.

Investigation of electrical treeing in perspex material

Perspex has been known for a long time as a polymeric material, and it has been used for a large number of electrical and non-electrical applications. The present work was carried out to investigates the ageing mechanism of perspex material under a high electric field. The electrical treeing phenomenon was studied using perspex samples with electrodes of a pin-to-plane configuration. The growth of an electrical tree in Perspex was measured and analysed with the aid of an advanced microscope, equipped with a high-resolution camera and connected to a personal computer. Several distinct stages were assigned to characterise the electrical tree development. The area occupied by the electrical tree channels was calculated using equal-area squares. This approach was employed to measure the growth rate of electrical trees under dry and wet conditions. The tree construction, shape and growth speed were studied and analysed to distinguish between treeing phenomenon under wet and dry conditions of fabricated perspex specimens. The absorption of water has increased the tree growth inside the samples, and ions with water have accelerated the breakdown process. The findings of this study are essential to improve the performance of perspex material, which is widely used in a variety of applications for both energy and non-energy purposes.

Rootstocks Genotypes Impact on Tree Development and Industrial Properties of ‘Valencia’ Sweet Orange Juice

The low diversification of rootstock genotypes in orchards limits the expansion of the citrus industry, restricting increases in productivity and cost-saving via phytosanitary treatments and other horticultural practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of rootstock genotypes on tree development and industrial properties of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange juice (Citrus sinensis). Twenty rootstock genotypes were evaluated by measuring tree growth and industrial properties of orange juices, including ‘Trifoliata’ hybrids with tangerine (citrandarins) and grapefruit (citrumelos), as well ‘Rangpur’ lime and other potential rootstocks. The experimental orchard was planted in Rancho Alegre, PR, Brazil, under clay soil and subtropical rainfed conditions. A randomized block design with four replicates was used. Trees grown on IPEACS–239 and IPEACS–256 citrandarins, and on ‘US–802’ pummelo hybrid had low vigor, high production efficiency and high industrial properties of orange juice, and are therefore potential alternatives for high-density plantings. The F.80–3 and F.80–5 citrumelos also had good dwarfing potential and high production efficiency, but lower industrial properties of juice compared to the other ‘Trifoliata’ hybrid rootstocks. Trees grown on ‘US–812’ citrandarin rootstock had low vigor, good productive performance, accumulated production and production efficiency similar to ‘Rangpur’ lime, and high industrial properties of juices. Although the ‘Rangpur’ lime and the ‘Florida’ rough lemon allowed high yields, the trees are very vigorous, with low-quality fruits. A Quick Reference Chart was created to provide practical and objective identification of the best rootstock alternatives for ‘Valencia’ orange trees in terms of tree development and industrial properties of juices.

Species composition of harmful entomocomplex in peach orchards of Southern Ukraine

Studies of the dynamics of changes in the species composition of pests in fruit orchards in the context of climate change became especially relevant. Monitoring of phytophagous insects in gardens with the isolation of dominant species is a key component for building an effective system of protection of perennial plantings. The study was conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the Melitopol Experimental Station of Horticulture named after M.F. Sidorenko IS NAAS. The purpose of the study was to establish the species composition of phytophages and the level of their colonisation of peach orchards to optimise measures to protect this crop from pest damage. Conducting route and detailed surveys in different phases of tree development (swelling of buds, pink bud, flowering, end of flowering, forming, growth and ripening of fruits) showed that the entomocenosis of peach orchards consisted of 15 species of phytophagous insects belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, and 2 species of mites. The species composition and level of pest colonisation of peach orchards changed under the influence of weather conditions and protection measures. Lepidoptera insects were represented by 7 species of pests, among which the main carpophages were Grapholitha molesta Busck., to a lesser extent Anarsia lineatella. The attack density of these pests each year was at a high and medium level, respectively. Throughout all the years of study most harmful of insects from the order Coleoptera was polyphagous Epicometis hirta. The main Homoptera pest in 2018 was Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst., while the prevalence of other catfacing insects was weak. During the vegetation periods of 2019-2020 the development of insects such as aphids and increase in the colonisation of leaves by mites, Thrips fuscipennis Haliche and Typhlocyba rosae L. was recorded in peach orchards

The predictive power of wood traits on species mortality change during tree development

&lt;p&gt;One foundational assumption of trait-based ecology is that functional traits can predict species demography. Yet, in general, the links between traits and demographic rates are not as strong as usually assumed. These weak associations may be due to two main reasons: the use of easy-to-measure traits as proxies of tree species performance, and the lack of consideration of size-related variations in both traits and demographic rates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we examined the associations between wood functional traits and mortality rates of 19 tree species from Eastern Amazonia. We measured eleven wood traits (i.e., structural, anatomical and chemical) in sapling, juvenile and adult wood, and related them to corresponding mortality rates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Both sapling and juvenile mortality rates were best explained by wood specific gravity (WSG) and vessel lumen area (Va), while adult mortality was predicted only by Va. On the other hand, we found that the predictive power of wood trait on mortality rates decreased from saplings to adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These results indicate that the associations between traits and mortality rates can change during tree development, and also that hard-to-measure traits, such as wood chemical or anatomical traits, may be better predictors mortality rates than WSG. Our findings are important to expand our knowledge on tree life-history variations and community dynamics in tropical forests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Advantages and discussion in developing fruit vegetables in the North West

The Northwest is a region with great potentials for the development of agriculture in general and fruit tree development in particular. The paper analyzes and evaluates the advantages and fruit trees in particular. The geographical position, topography, climate, and soil are favorable to form a specialized fruit growing area with many high-value specialties. Population, labor force, market factors, science and technology are factors that greatly affect the Northwest fruit tree region. With the methods of integrated analysis, fieldwork, forecasting... the article fully assesses the advantages and disadvantages of fruit tree development in the Northwest, at the same time analyzed the production situation and proposed solutions to efficiently and sustainably develop the regions fruit trees.