Conservation Genetics of Pacific Salmon. II. Effective Population Size and the Rate of Loss of Genetic Variability

1990 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Waples
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Effective Population

scholarly journals Population structure of Czech cold-blooded breeds of horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
Z. Čapková ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
B. Hofmanová ◽  
H. Vostrá Vydrová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients

Abstract. In order to estimate effective population size, generation interval and the development of inbreeding coefficients (Fx) in three original breeds of cold-blooded horses kept in the Czech Republic: Silesian Noriker (SN), Noriker (N) and Czech-Moravian Belgian horse (CMB) all animals of the particular breeds born from 1990 to 2007 were analysed. The average values of generation interval between parents and their offspring were: 8.53 in SN, 8.88 in N and 8.56 in CMB. Average values of effective population size were estimated to be: 86.3 in SN, 162.3 in N and 104.4 in CMB. The average values of inbreeding coefficient were 3.13 % in SN stallions and 3.39 % in SN mares, in the N breed 1.76 % and 1.26 % and in the CMB breed 3.84 % and 3.26 % respectively. Overall averages of Fx were: 3.23 %, 1.51 % and 3.55 % for the breeds SN, N and CMB. The average value of inbreeding coefficient Fx increased by 1.22 % in SN, by 0.35 % in N and by 1.01 % in CMB, respectively. This may lead to a reduction in genetic variability. Reduction in genetic variability could be either controlled in cooperation with corresponding populations of cold-blooded breeds in other European countries or controlled by number of sires used in population

scholarly journals IDENTITY COEFFICIENTS IN FINITE POPULATIONS. I. EVOLUTION OF IDENTITY COEFFICIENTS IN A RANDOM MATING DIPLOID DIOECIOUS POPULATION

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-713
Author(s):  
C Chevalet ◽  
M Gillois ◽  
R F Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Matrix Multiplication ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Properties of identity relation between genes are discussed, and a derivation of recurrent equations of identity coefficients in a random mating, diploid dioecious population is presented. Computations are run by repeated matrix multiplication. Results show that for effective population size (Ne) larger than 16 and no mutation, a given identity coefficient at any time t can be expressed approximately as a function of (1—f), (1—f)3 and (1—f)6, where f is the mean inbreeding coefficient at time t. Tables are presented, for small Ne values and extreme sex ratios, showing the pattern of change in the identity coefficients over time. The pattern of evolution of identity coefficients is also presented and discussed with respect to N eu, where u is the mutation rate. Applications of these results to the evolution of genetic variability within and between inbred lines are discussed.

scholarly journals The population genetics of haplo-diploids and X-linked genes

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Avery
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Mutation Pressure ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Fitness Parameters

SUMMARYFrom the available electrophoretic data, it is clear that haplodiploid insects have a much lower level of genetic variability than diploid insects, a difference that is only partially explained by the social structure of some haplodiploid species. The data comparing X-linked genes and autosomal genes in the same species is much more sparse and little can be inferred from it. This data is compared with theoretical analyses of X-linked genes and genes in haplodiploids. (The theoretical population genetics of X-linked genes and genes in haplodiploids are identical.) X-linked genes under directional selection will be lost or fixed more quickly than autosomal genes as selection acts more directly on X-linked genes and the effective population size is smaller. However, deleterious disease genes, maintained by mutation pressure, will give higher disease incidences at X-linked loci and hence rare mutants are easier to detect at X-linked loci. Considering the forces which can maintain balanced polymorphisms, there are much stronger restrictions on the fitness parameters at X-linked loci than at autosomal loci if genetic variability is to be maintained, and thus fewer polymorphic loci are to be expected on the X-chromosome and in haplodiploids. However, the mutation-random drift hypothesis also leads to the expectation of lower heterozygosity due to the decrease in effective population size. Thus the theoretical results fit in with the data but it is still subject to argument whether selection or mutation-random drift are maintaining most of the genetic variability at X-linked genes and genes in haplodiploids.

The broad-snouted caiman population recovery in Argentina. A case of genetics conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Susana Amavet ◽  
Eva Carolina Rueda ◽  
Juan César Vilardi ◽  
Pablo Siroski ◽  
Alejandro Larriera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Genetic Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Caiman latirostriswild populations have suffered a drastic reduction in the past, and for that reason, a management and monitoring plan was applied since 1990 in Santa Fe, Argentina in order to achieve population recovery. Although ranching system has a noteworthy success in terms of population size recovering, there is no information about the estimation of population genetic parameters. In particular, the consequence of the bottleneck underwent by these populations has not been assessed. We evaluated variability and genetic structure ofC. latirostrispopulations from Santa Fe through time, using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA. Population genetic parameters were compared among four sites and three different periods to assess the impact of management activities, and effective population size was estimated in order to detect bottleneck events. We observed an increase in microsatellite variability and low genetic variability in mitochondrial lineages through time. Variability estimates are similar among sites in each sampling period; and there is scarce differentiation among them. The genetic background of each sampling site has changed through time; we assume this fact may be due to entry of individuals of different origin, through management and repopulation activities. Moreover, taking into account the expected heterozygosity and effective population size values, it can be assumed that bottleneck events indeed have occurred in the recent past. Our results suggest that, in addition to increasing population size, genetic variability of the species has been maintained. However, the information is still incomplete, and regular monitoring should continue in order to arrive to solid conclusions.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Polish Lowland Sheepdogs Assessed by Pedigree and Genomic Data

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1520
Author(s):  
Paula Wiebke Michels ◽  
Ottmar Distl
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Candidate Loci

Genetic variability of Polish Lowland Sheepdog (PON) population was evaluated using both pedigree and genomic data. The analyzed pedigree encompassed 8628 PONs, including 153 individuals genotyped on the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) were defined for homozygous stretches extending over 60 to 4300 kb. The inbreeding coefficients FPed based on pedigree data and FROH50 based on ROHs were at 0.18 and 0.31. The correlation between both was 0.41 but 0.52 when excluding animals with less than seven complete generations. The realized effective population size (Ne¯) was 22.2 with an increasing trend over years. Five PONs explained 79% of the genetic diversity of the reference population. The effective population size derived from linkage disequilibrium measured by r² was 36. PANTHER analysis of genes in ROHs shared by ≥50% of the PONs revealed four highly over- or underrepresented biological processes. One among those is the 7.35 fold enriched “forelimb morphogenesis”. Candidate loci for hip dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus were discovered in frequently shared ROHs. In conclusion, the inbreeding measures of the PONs were high and the genetic variability small compared to various dog breeds. Regarding Ne¯, PON population was minimally endangered according to the European Association for Animal Production.

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