scholarly journals Analysis of nucleotide substitutions of mitochondrial DNAs in Drosophila melanogaster and its sibling species.

1987 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas

S elements: a family of Tc1-like transposons in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 1425-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Merriman ◽  
C D Grimes ◽  
J Ambroziak ◽  
D A Hackett ◽  
P Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Insertion Mutation ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Diploid Genome

Abstract The S elements form a diverse family of long-inverted-repeat transposons within the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. These elements vary in size and sequence, the longest consisting of 1736 bp with 234-bp inverted terminal repeats. The longest open reading frame in an intact S element could encode a 345-amino acid polypeptide. This polypeptide is homologous to the transposases of the mariner-Tc1 superfamily of transposable elements. S elements are ubiquitous in D. melanogaster populations and also appear to be present in the genomes of two sibling species; however, they seem to be absent from 17 other Drosophila species that were examined. Within D. melanogaster strains, there are, on average, 37.4 cytologically detectable S elements per diploid genome. These elements are scattered throughout the chromosomes, but several sites in both the euchromatin and beta heterochromatin are consistently occupied. The discovery of an S-element-insertion mutation and a reversion of this mutation indicates that S elements are at least occasionally mobile in the D. melanogaster genome. These elements seem to insert at an AT dinucleotide within a short palindrome and apparently duplicate that dinucleotide upon insertion.

Larval Reactions to Possible Resources in Three Species of Drosophila as Indicators of Ecological Diversity.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

Newly hatched larvae of Drosophila melanogaster Mg. and D. simulans Sturt. were attracted to and had very similar responses to acetic acid, ethyl acetate and lactic acid in the laboratory in Australia, while D. immigrans Sturt., in a different subgenus, was attracted less strongly. It is shown from a review of the literature that the ecology of the sibling species differs from that in D. immigrans by whatever criterion is selected, including larval responses, resources utilised, oviposition, nutritional requirements, temperatures tolerated and preferred, habitats occupied and parasitism. It is suggested that such comprehensive investigations at various taxonomic levels may provide information on evolutionary divergence in Drosophila, especially where larval studies can be incorporated.

Stability of tandem repeats in the Drosophila melanogaster Hsr-omega nuclear RNA.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
N C Hogan ◽  
F Slot ◽  
K L Traverse ◽  
J C Garbe ◽  
W G Bendena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Tandem Repeat Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
New Alleles

Abstract The Drosophila melanogaster Hsr-omega locus produces a nuclear RNA containing > 5 kb of tandem repeat sequences. These repeats are unique to Hsr-omega and show concerted evolution similar to that seen with classical satellite DNAs. In D. melanogaster the monomer is approximately 280 bp. Sequences of 19 1/2 monomers differ by 8 +/- 5% (mean +/- SD), when all pairwise comparisons are considered. Differences are single nucleotide substitutions and 1-3 nucleotide deletions/insertions. Changes appear to be randomly distributed over the repeat unit. Outer repeats do not show the decrease in monomer homogeneity that might be expected if homogeneity is maintained by recombination. However, just outside the last complete repeat at each end, there are a few fragments of sequence similar to the monomer. The sequences in these flanking regions are not those predicted for sequences decaying in the absence of recombination. Instead, the fragmentation of the sequence homology suggests that flanking regions have undergone more severe disruptions, possibly during an insertion or amplification event. Hsr-omega alleles differing in the number of repeats are detected and appear to be stable over a few thousand generations; however, both increases and decreases in repeat numbers have been observed. The new alleles appear to be as stable as their predecessors. No alleles of less than approximately 5 kb nor more than approximately 16 kb of repeats were seen in any stocks examined. The evidence that there is a limit on the minimum number of repeats is consistent with the suggestion that these repeats are important in the function of the unusual Hsr-omega nuclear RNA.

The Development of Larval Behaviours in Sympatric Chilean Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster and Drosophila Simulans

Behaviour ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Campos ◽  
Marisol Bustamante ◽  
José Luis Cancino ◽  
Raltl Godoy-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Drosophila Simulans ◽  
Yeast Suspension ◽  
Angle Size ◽  
Development Proceeds ◽  
Chilean Populations

AbstractThe patterns of movement and foraging were investigated in larvae of the Chilean sympatric species D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Frequencies of 'rover', 'sitter' and 'digger' larvae, as well as locomotion and the angle size of turning were recorded in nutritive and non-nutritive environments. In these environments the sibling species differ in frequencies of 'rover', 'sitter' and 'digger' larval phenotypes. There are also differences in these frequencies between the populations of each species and across larval age. As development proceeds, the larvae of D. melanogaster and D. simulans become more diverse in their behaviours. Depending on larval age, strain and species, larval locomotion may be: i) similar in the presence and in the absence of food (D. simulans), ii) lower in yeast suspension than on agar (D. melanogaster), iii) higher in the presence of food than on agar (D. simulans). The angle size of larval turning also shows variability which depends on larval age, strain and species. Statistical significance of the correlation between locomotion and turning, and the regression of turning on locomotion in larvae of D. melanogaster and D. simulans depends on larval age, strain, species and the environment in which the larvae grow.

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