Inference of Uptake and Retention of Plutonium from its Cumulative Urinary Excretion and Post Mortem Autopsy Data

1986 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cumulative Urinary Excretion ◽  
Autopsy Data

Bioavailability of Digoxin and Beta-Methyl-Digoxin

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-354
Author(s):  
L Padeletti ◽  
F Fantini ◽  
P Cinelli ◽  
C Gremigni
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Cumulative Urinary Excretion ◽  
Serial Serum ◽  
Concentration Measurements ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

In a randomized crossover study the bioavailability of a single dose of digoxin and of beta-methyl-digoxin tablets was tested in four normal volunteers. No difference was found between the two products in the rate and extent of drug absorption using 6 day cumulative urinary excretion and serial serum concentration measurements.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of epidoxorubicin and doxorubicin in humans.

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mross ◽  
P Maessen ◽  
W J van der Vijgh ◽  
H Gall ◽  
E Boven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Cumulative Urinary Excretion ◽  
Second Peak

Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (DOX), epidoxorubicin (EPI), and their metabolites in plasma have been performed in eight patients receiving 40 to 56 mg/m2 of both anthracyclines as a bolus injection in two sequential cycles. Terminal half-life and volume of distribution appeared to be smaller in case of EPI, whereas plasma clearance and cumulative urinary excretion was larger in comparison to DOX. The major metabolite of DOX was doxorubicinol (Aol) followed by 7-deoxy-doxorubicinol (7d-Aolon). Metabolism to glucuronides was found in case of EPI only. The area under the curves (AUC) of the metabolites of EPI decreased in the order of the glucoronides E-glu greater than Eol-glu, 7d-Aolon greater than epirubicinol (Eol). The AUC of Eol was half of the value in its counterpart Aol. In the case of EPI, the AUC of 7d-Aolon was twice the level of that of the corresponding metabolite of DOX. The terminal half-lives of the cytostatic metabolites Aol and Eol were similar, but longer than the corresponding values of their parent drugs. Half-lives of the glucuronides (E-glu, Eol-glu) were similar to the half-life of their parent drug. 7d-Aolon had a somewhat shorter half-life in comparison to both DOX and EPI. Approximately 6.2% of EPI and 5.9% of DOX were excreted by the kidney during the initial 48 hours. Aol was found in the urine of patients treated with DOX, whereas Eol, E-glu, and Eol-glu were detected in urine of patients treated with EPI. The cumulative urinary excretion appeared to be 10.5% for EPI and its metabolites, and 6.9% for DOX and its metabolite. The plasma concentration v time curves of (7d)-aglycones showed a second peak between two and 12 hours after injection, suggesting an enterohepatic circulation for metabolites lacking the daunosamine sugar moiety. The plasma concentrations of the glucuronides were maximal at 1.2 hours for E-glu and 1.9 hours for Eol-glu. All other compounds reached their maximum plasma concentration during the first minutes after the administration of DOX and EPI. Deviating plasma kinetics were observed in one patient, probably due to prior drug administration.

Comparison of Estimates of Systemic Pu From Urinary Excretion With Estimates From Post-mortem Tissue Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Kathren ◽  
Kenneth R. Heid ◽  
Margery J. Swint
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal absorption, tissue retention, and urinary excretion of dietary aluminum in rats determined by using 26Al

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Jouhanneau ◽  
Grant M Raisbeck ◽  
Françoise Yiou ◽  
Bernard Lacour ◽  
Hélène Banide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Gastrointestinal Absorption ◽  
Cumulative Urinary Excretion ◽  
Dietary Concentration

Abstract We used accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and 26Al to study the plasma concentration, urinary excretion, and retention in bone, brain, and liver of a single dose of a dietary concentration of aluminum ingested either with or without citrate by 2-month-old Wistar rats. In the absence of citrate, cumulative urinary excretion and skeleton retention were each ∼0.05% of the total 26Al dose ingested. 26Al retention in brain and liver were ∼4 × 10−8 and 2 × 10−6, respectively. Concomitant citrate intake increased these median values by about two- to fivefold, although this factor was highly variable in individual rats. Independent of citrate administration, 90% of the26Al excreted in urine (measured cumulatively over 30 days) was excreted within the first 48 h. Uptake by bone was rapid (∼1 h) and permanent over the 30-day duration of the experiment.

Effect of Purgatives on Antidotal Efficacy of Oral Activated Charcoal

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Neuvonen ◽  
K.T. Olkkola
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Empty Stomach ◽  
Magnesium Citrate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cumulative Urinary Excretion

1 The effects of purgatives on the antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal were studied in seven volunteer subjects. 2 The volunteer subjects were given 1000 mg of aspirin, 100 mg of atenolol and 50 mg of phenylpropanolamine with 100 ml of water on an empty stomach and were assigned randomly to the following treatment groups: (A) after 5 min 150 ml of water, (B) after 5 min 25 g of charcoal, (C) after 5 min charcoal orally with 20 mg of metoclopramide rectally, followed by 10 mg of bisacodyl rectally 3 h afterwards, (D) after 5 min charcoal with 250 ml of magnesium citrate USP and (E) after 60 min charcoal with metoclopramide followed by bisacodyl 3 h thereafter. 3 The plasma concentrations (0-24 h) and the cumulative urinary excretion (0-72 h) of salicylates, atenolol and phenylpropanolamine were measured. 4 Both magnesium citrate and metoclopramide combined with bisacodyl hastened the gastrointestinal transit but magnesium citrate was more effective. 5 Charcoal alone reduced the absorption of aspirin and phenylpropanolamine by about 50% and that of atenolol by about 95%. The purgatives did not modify significantly the efficacy of charcoal. 6 When the antidotal treatment was delayed by 60 min its efficacy was reduced to some extent, possibly depending on the pharmaceutical formulation of the test drugs. 7 The present results do not support the routine use of purgatives in combination with activated charcoal. In some instances, however, their use may promote the evacuation of, for example, depot formulations from the gastrointestinal tract and thus have a beneficial effect together with activated charcoal in reducing absorption.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of CS-023 (RO4908463), a Novel Parenteral Carbapenem, in Healthy Male Caucasian Volunteers

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 4186-4188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Shibayama ◽  
Yoko Matsushita ◽  
Takashi Hirota ◽  
Toshihiko Ikeda ◽  
Shogo Kuwahara
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Total Clearance ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Cumulative Urinary Excretion

ABSTRACT The CS-023 concentration in plasma after administration by infusion to healthy volunteers at a dose of 700 mg was decreased, with a half-life of 1.7 h, and the cumulative urinary excretion was 59.4% of the dose. The total clearance, renal clearance, and volume of distribution were 8.12 liters/h, 4.14 liters/h, and 17.2 liters, respectively.

EVIDENCE FOR EXTRATUMOURAL STORAGE OF CATECHOLAMINES IN PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PATIENTS

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Hengstmann ◽  
H. J. Dengler
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Catecholamine Content ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Cumulative Urinary Excretion ◽  
Daily Excretion ◽  
Hypertensive Crises ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Vanilmandelic Acid

ABSTRACT Following the removal of a pheochromocytoma in three female patients the daily excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites was still considerably elevated for about one week. The excretion rates declined during this period with half-lives of 1.8 to 10.9 days for catecholamines and 2.1 to 4.7 days for metanephrines, vanilmandelic acid, and vanilglycol. The cumulative urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites following surgical removal of the tumour was nearly as high as the catecholamine content of the pheochromocytomas. This large amount of catecholamines must have been located outside the tumour, most probably within the sympathetic nerve, where it is subject to release following physiological stimuli. Furthermore, this fact may provide an explanation for hypertensive crises in pheochromocytoma patients.

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