scholarly journals DWARF WITH SLENDER LEAF1 encoding a histone deacetylase plays diverse roles in rice development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumika Clara Kubo ◽  
Yukiko Yasui ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohmori ◽  
Toshihiro Kumamaru ◽  
Wakana Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Histone Deacetylation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Morphological Defects

Abstract In plants, reversible histone acetylation and deacetylation play a crucial role in various biological activities, including development and the response to environmental stress. Histone deacetylation, which is generally associated with gene silencing, is catalyzed by multiple histone deacetylases (HDACs). Our understanding of HDAC function in plant development has accumulated from molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana. By contrast, how HDACs contribute to the development of rice (Oryza sativa) is poorly understood and no rice mutants of HDAC have been reported. Here we have characterized a new rice mutant showing semi-dwarfism, which we named dwarf with slender leaf1 (dsl1). The mutant showed pleiotropic defects in both vegetative and reproductive development; for example, dsl1 produced short and narrow leaves, accompanied with a reduction in the number and size of vascular bundles. The semi-dwarf phenotype was due to suppression of the elongation of some culm (stem) internodes. Interestingly, despite this suppression of the upper internodes, the elongation and generation of lower internodes were slightly enhanced. Inflorescence and spikelet development were also affected by the dsl1 mutation. Some of the observed morphological defects were related to a reduction in cell numbers, in addition to reduced cell division in leaf primordia revealed by in situ hybridization analysis, suggesting the possibility that DSL1 is involved in cell division control. Gene cloning revealed that DSL1 encodes an HDAC belonging to the Reduced potassium dependence3/Histone Deacetylase1 (RPD3/HDA1) family. Collectively, our study shows that the HDAC DSL1 plays diverse and important roles in development in rice.

scholarly journals Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum): From population genetics to functional genomics

2018 ◽  
pp. 1043-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshit Kumar ◽  
Manjit Panigrahi ◽  
Supriya Chhotaray ◽  
V. Bhanuprakash ◽  
Rahul Shandilya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Systemic Rnai ◽  
Basic Facts

Tribolium castaneum is a small and low maintenance beetle that has emerged as a most suitable insect model for studying developmental biology and functional genetic analysis. Diverse population genetic studies have been conducted using Tribolium as the principal model to establish basic facts and principles of inbreeding experiments and response to the selection and other quantitative genetics fundamentals. The advanced molecular genetic studies presently focused on the use of Tribolium as a typical invertebrate model for higher diploid eukaryotes. After a whole genome sequencing of Tribolium, many areas of functional genomics were unraveled, which enabled the use of it in many technical approaches of genomics. The present text reviews the use of Tribolium in techniques such as RNAi, transgenic studies, immune priming, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, gene sequencing for characterization of microRNAs, and gene editing using engineered endonuclease. In contrast to Drosophila, the T. castaneum holds a robust systemic RNAi response, which makes it an excellent model for comparative functional genetic studies. Keywords: functional genomics, hox gene, insertional mutagenesis, RNAi, Tribolium.

scholarly journals The Control of Cell Expansion, Cell Division, and Vascular Development by Brassinosteroids: A Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Man-Ho Oh ◽  
Saxon H. Honey ◽  
Frans E. Tax
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling

Steroid hormones are important signaling molecules in plants and animals. The plant steroid hormone brassinosteroids were first isolated and characterized in the 1970s and have been studied since then for their functions in plant growth. Treatment of plants or plant cells with brassinosteroids revealed they play important roles during diverse developmental processes, including control of cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation. Molecular genetic studies, primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana, but increasingly in many other plants, have identified many genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and responses. Here we review the roles of brassinosteroids in cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation, comparing the early physiological studies with more recent results of the analysis of mutants in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling genes. A few representative examples of other molecular pathways that share developmental roles with brassinosteroids are described, including pathways that share functional overlap or response components with the brassinosteroid pathway. We conclude by briefly discussing the origin and conservation of brassinosteroid signaling.

scholarly journals Two cases of deletion 2q37 associated with segregation of an unbalanced translocation 2;21: choanal atresia leading to misdiagnosis of CHARGE syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fernández-Rebollo ◽  
Olga Pérez ◽  
Cristina Martinez-Bouzas ◽  
Maria Carmen Cotarelo-Pérez ◽  
Intza Garin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Choanal Atresia ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Charge Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Dependent Probe

ContextThe phenotypic variability of patients with syndromes presenting with dysmorphism makes clinical diagnosis difficult, leading to an exhaustive genetic study to determine the underlying mechanism so that a proper diagnosis could be established.ObjectiveTo genetically characterize siblings, the older sister diagnosed with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy and the younger one with CHARGE syndrome.DesignClinical case report.MethodsClinical, biochemical, and radiological studies were performed on the family. In addition, molecular genetic studies including sequencing of GNAS, typing of microsatellites on 2q and 21q, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of subtelomeric regions were performed, as well as confirmatory fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis.ResultsThe genetic analysis revealed that both sisters presented a 2q37 deletion due to the maternal unbalanced segregation of a 2;21 translocation.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a 2q37 deletion where differential diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome is needed due to the appearance of choanal atresia.

scholarly journals Unlocking pathology archives for molecular genetic studies: a reliable method to generate probes for chromogenic and fluorescent in situ hybridization

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryou B K Lambros ◽  
Pete T Simpson ◽  
Chris Jones ◽  
Rachael Natrajan ◽  
Charlotte Westbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies

A common mechanism links activities of butyrate in the colon

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit S. Verma ◽  
Michael J. Fink ◽  
Gabriel L Salmon ◽  
Nadine Fornelos ◽  
Takahiro E. Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Compounds

Two biological activities of butyrate in the colon (suppression of proliferation of colonic epithelial stem cells and inflammation) correlate with inhibition of histone deacetylases. Cellular and biochemical studies of molecules similar in structure to butyrate, but different in molecular details (functional groups, chain-length, deuteration, oxidation level, fluorination, or degree of unsaturation) demonstrated that these activities were sensitive to molecular structure, and were compatible with the hypothesis that butyrate acts by binding to the Zn<sup>2+</sup> in the catalytic site of histone deacetylases. Structure-activity relationships drawn from a set of 36 compounds offer a starting point for the design of new compounds targeting the inhibition of histone deacetylases. The observation that butyrate was more potent than other short-chain fatty acids is compatible with the hypothesis that crypts evolved (at least in part), to separate stem cells at the base of crypts from butyrate produced by commensal bacteria.

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