scholarly journals Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum): From population genetics to functional genomics

2018 ◽  
pp. 1043-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshit Kumar ◽  
Manjit Panigrahi ◽  
Supriya Chhotaray ◽  
V. Bhanuprakash ◽  
Rahul Shandilya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Systemic Rnai ◽  
Basic Facts

Tribolium castaneum is a small and low maintenance beetle that has emerged as a most suitable insect model for studying developmental biology and functional genetic analysis. Diverse population genetic studies have been conducted using Tribolium as the principal model to establish basic facts and principles of inbreeding experiments and response to the selection and other quantitative genetics fundamentals. The advanced molecular genetic studies presently focused on the use of Tribolium as a typical invertebrate model for higher diploid eukaryotes. After a whole genome sequencing of Tribolium, many areas of functional genomics were unraveled, which enabled the use of it in many technical approaches of genomics. The present text reviews the use of Tribolium in techniques such as RNAi, transgenic studies, immune priming, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, gene sequencing for characterization of microRNAs, and gene editing using engineered endonuclease. In contrast to Drosophila, the T. castaneum holds a robust systemic RNAi response, which makes it an excellent model for comparative functional genetic studies. Keywords: functional genomics, hox gene, insertional mutagenesis, RNAi, Tribolium.

The Ikaros gene, a central regulator of lymphoid differentiation, fuses to the BCL6 gene as a result of t(3;7)(q27;p12) translocation in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 2719-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Hosokawa ◽  
Yumiko Maeda ◽  
Ryo Ichinohasama ◽  
Ikuo Miura ◽  
Masafumi Taniwaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Large B Cell

The BCL6 gene, isolated from the breakpoints of 3q27-associated chromosomal translocations, has been implicated in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBL). Here we describe the molecular characterization of novel t(3;7)(q27;p12) translocations in 2 patients with DLBL. Molecular genetic analysis of the breakpoint area involving BCL6 revealed the presence of the Ikaros gene, a central regulator of lymphoid differentiation that had been mapped to human chromosome 7 band p13-p11.1. As a molecular consequence of the translocation, the 5′ regulatory region of the BCL6 gene was replaced by the putative 5′ regulatory region of theIkaros gene, probably leading to deregulated expression of theBCL6 gene throughout B-cell differentiation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of a patient sample established that the t(3;7)(q27;p12) results in fusion of the Ikaros andBCL6 genes. This study provides the first evidence that the Ikaros gene is rearranged in human hematopoietic malignant disorders.

Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome composition of Solanum bulbocastanum (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrids

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Iovene ◽  
Salvatore Savarese ◽  
Teodoro Cardi ◽  
Luigi Frusciante ◽  
Nunzia Scotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Genome Composition ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Genome ◽  
Intergenic Regions

Somatic hybrids between the wild incongruent species Solanum bulbocastanum (2n = 2x = 24) and S. tuberosum haploids (2n = 2x = 24) have been characterized for their nuclear and cytoplasmic genome composition. Cytologic observations revealed the recovery of 8 (near-)tetraploid and 3 hexaploid somatic hybrids. Multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis was carried out to study the genomic dosage of the parental species in 5 somatic hybrids with different ploidy. The GISH procedure used was effective in discriminating parental genomes in the hybrids; most chromosomes were unambiguously colored. Two (near-)tetraploid somatic hybrids showed the expected 2:2 cultivated-to-wild genomic dosage; 2 hexaploids revealed a 4:2 cultivated-to-wild genomic dosage, and 1 hexaploid had a 2:4 cultivated-to-wild genomic dosage. Characterization of hybrid cytoplasmic genomes was performed using gene-specific primers that detected polymorphisms between the fusion parents in the intergenic regions. The analysis showed that most of the somatic hybrids inherited the plastidial and mitochondrial DNA of the cultivated parent. A few hybrids, with a rearranged mitochondrial genome (showing fragments derived from both parents), were also identified. These results confirmed the potential of somatic hybridization in producing new variability for genetic studies and breeding.

Characterization of lymphoproliferative lesions of the conjunctiva: immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Farmer ◽  
Manisha Lamba ◽  
Andrew B. Merkur ◽  
Wiplove R. Lamba ◽  
William G. Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies

scholarly journals DWARF WITH SLENDER LEAF1 encoding a histone deacetylase plays diverse roles in rice development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumika Clara Kubo ◽  
Yukiko Yasui ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohmori ◽  
Toshihiro Kumamaru ◽  
Wakana Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Histone Deacetylation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Morphological Defects

Abstract In plants, reversible histone acetylation and deacetylation play a crucial role in various biological activities, including development and the response to environmental stress. Histone deacetylation, which is generally associated with gene silencing, is catalyzed by multiple histone deacetylases (HDACs). Our understanding of HDAC function in plant development has accumulated from molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana. By contrast, how HDACs contribute to the development of rice (Oryza sativa) is poorly understood and no rice mutants of HDAC have been reported. Here we have characterized a new rice mutant showing semi-dwarfism, which we named dwarf with slender leaf1 (dsl1). The mutant showed pleiotropic defects in both vegetative and reproductive development; for example, dsl1 produced short and narrow leaves, accompanied with a reduction in the number and size of vascular bundles. The semi-dwarf phenotype was due to suppression of the elongation of some culm (stem) internodes. Interestingly, despite this suppression of the upper internodes, the elongation and generation of lower internodes were slightly enhanced. Inflorescence and spikelet development were also affected by the dsl1 mutation. Some of the observed morphological defects were related to a reduction in cell numbers, in addition to reduced cell division in leaf primordia revealed by in situ hybridization analysis, suggesting the possibility that DSL1 is involved in cell division control. Gene cloning revealed that DSL1 encodes an HDAC belonging to the Reduced potassium dependence3/Histone Deacetylase1 (RPD3/HDA1) family. Collectively, our study shows that the HDAC DSL1 plays diverse and important roles in development in rice.

The Ikaros gene, a central regulator of lymphoid differentiation, fuses to the BCL6 gene as a result of t(3;7)(q27;p12) translocation in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 2719-2721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Hosokawa ◽  
Yumiko Maeda ◽  
Ryo Ichinohasama ◽  
Ikuo Miura ◽  
Masafumi Taniwaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Large B Cell

Abstract The BCL6 gene, isolated from the breakpoints of 3q27-associated chromosomal translocations, has been implicated in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBL). Here we describe the molecular characterization of novel t(3;7)(q27;p12) translocations in 2 patients with DLBL. Molecular genetic analysis of the breakpoint area involving BCL6 revealed the presence of the Ikaros gene, a central regulator of lymphoid differentiation that had been mapped to human chromosome 7 band p13-p11.1. As a molecular consequence of the translocation, the 5′ regulatory region of the BCL6 gene was replaced by the putative 5′ regulatory region of theIkaros gene, probably leading to deregulated expression of theBCL6 gene throughout B-cell differentiation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of a patient sample established that the t(3;7)(q27;p12) results in fusion of the Ikaros andBCL6 genes. This study provides the first evidence that the Ikaros gene is rearranged in human hematopoietic malignant disorders.

scholarly journals Two cases of deletion 2q37 associated with segregation of an unbalanced translocation 2;21: choanal atresia leading to misdiagnosis of CHARGE syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fernández-Rebollo ◽  
Olga Pérez ◽  
Cristina Martinez-Bouzas ◽  
Maria Carmen Cotarelo-Pérez ◽  
Intza Garin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Choanal Atresia ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Charge Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Dependent Probe

ContextThe phenotypic variability of patients with syndromes presenting with dysmorphism makes clinical diagnosis difficult, leading to an exhaustive genetic study to determine the underlying mechanism so that a proper diagnosis could be established.ObjectiveTo genetically characterize siblings, the older sister diagnosed with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy and the younger one with CHARGE syndrome.DesignClinical case report.MethodsClinical, biochemical, and radiological studies were performed on the family. In addition, molecular genetic studies including sequencing of GNAS, typing of microsatellites on 2q and 21q, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of subtelomeric regions were performed, as well as confirmatory fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis.ResultsThe genetic analysis revealed that both sisters presented a 2q37 deletion due to the maternal unbalanced segregation of a 2;21 translocation.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a 2q37 deletion where differential diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome is needed due to the appearance of choanal atresia.

scholarly journals Spatial control of gene expression in flies using bacterially derived binary transactivation systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gamez ◽  
Luis C. Vesga ◽  
Stelia C. Mendez-Sanchez ◽  
Omar S. Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Multiple Systems

AbstractControlling gene expression is an instrumental tool for biotechnology, as it enables the dissection of gene function, affording precise spatial-temporal resolution. To generate this control, binary transactivational systems have been used employing a modular activator consisting of a DNA binding domain(s) fused to activation domain(s). For fly genetics, many binary transactivational systems have been exploited in vivo; however as the study of complex problems often requires multiple systems that can be used in parallel, there is a need to identify additional bipartite genetic systems. To expand this molecular genetic toolbox, we tested multiple bacterially-derived binary transactivational systems in Drosophila melanogaster including the p-CymR operon from Pseudomonas putida, PipR operon from Streptomyces coelicolor, TtgR operon from Pseudomonas putida, and the VanR operon from Caulobacter crescentus. Our work provides the first characterization of these systems in an animal model in vivo. For each system we demonstrate robust tissue-specific spatial transactivation of reporter gene expression, enabling future studies to exploit these transactivational systems for molecular genetic studies.

scholarly journals Unlocking pathology archives for molecular genetic studies: a reliable method to generate probes for chromogenic and fluorescent in situ hybridization

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryou B K Lambros ◽  
Pete T Simpson ◽  
Chris Jones ◽  
Rachael Natrajan ◽  
Charlotte Westbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies

scholarly journals Cytogenetic and molecular genetic characterization of 28 Serbian and Montenegrian neuroblastoma patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Marina Djurisic ◽  
Marija Guc-Scekic ◽  
Dragana Djokic ◽  
Dragana Vujic ◽  
S. Milovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Myc Oncogene ◽  
Chromosome 1P ◽  
Ploidy Changes ◽  
Molecular Genetic Characterization

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant childhood solid tumor of neuroectodermal cells. Clinical behavior of neuroblastomas is largely diverse - from spontaneous regression to rapid progression with a fatal outcome. From the analysis of bone marrow and tumors of NB patients at the cytogenetic molecular cytogenetic and molecular level non-random genetic changes have been identified, including ploidy changes, amplification of the N-myc oncogene and deletions of chromosome 1p. In this paper we present the cytogenetic, fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular findings in 28 Serbian and Montenegrian NB patients. Reliable detection of these features should be regarded as mandatory for all new cases.

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