The Effects and Unintended Consequences of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the Supply and Demand for Directors

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3287-3328 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Linck ◽  
Jeffry M. Netter ◽  
Tina Yang
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley

Summary and conclusions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Babor ◽  
Jonathan Caulkins ◽  
Benedikt Fischer ◽  
David Foxcroft ◽  
Keith Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
The Public ◽  
Balanced Approach

Among the 47 options reviewed in this book, most show some evidence of effectiveness in at least one country, but the evidence is less than definitive for many others, either because the interventions are ineffective, or the research is inadequate. Unfortunately, policies that have shown little or no evidence of effectiveness continue to be the preferred options of many countries and international organizations. The evidence reviewed in this book supports two overarching conclusions. First, an integrated and balanced approach to evidence-informed drug policy is more likely to benefit the public good than uncoordinated efforts to reduce drug supply and demand. Second, by shifting the emphasis toward a public health approach, it may be possible to reduce the extent of illicit drug use, prevent the escalation of new epidemics, and avoid the unintended consequences arising from the marginalization of drug users through severe criminal penalties.

The Unintended Consequences of Sarbanes-Oxley on Technology Innovation and Supply Chain Integration

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Arnold ◽  
Tanya S. Benford ◽  
Joseph Canada ◽  
John R. Kuhn ◽  
Steve G. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Structural Inertia ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports the results of a series of case studies conducted to explore the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This issue is critical as the SEC and the PCAOB continue to defend the requirement that SMEs adhere to the internal control reporting requirements of Section 404 in the Act, albeit at a revised level of expectation focusing on more of a top-down risk-based approach. Cross-sectional case study data is used to explore the impacts of SOX on SMEs adopting organizational theories as a lens for observing behavior and outcomes. The results of the study confirm that there are both benefits and costs associated with SOX compliance. All of the organizations studied experienced substantial improvements in enterprise risk management approaches. However, the level of difficulty experienced by the various organizations in implementing SOX requirements was highly variable and could be traced back to the underlying factors in structural inertia theory: size, complexity, experience with change, experience with strict controls, and adaptability. Perhaps the most important finding is that SOX does impact organizational flexibility to various degrees as predicted by theory; and this impact can in turn affect production cycle times, information technology investment, supply chain performance, and ultimately, market competitiveness.

The Unintended Consequences of Sarbanes-Oxley on Technology Innovation and Supply Chain Integration

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicky Arnold ◽  
Tanya Benford ◽  
Joseph Canada ◽  
J. Randel Kuhn ◽  
Steve G. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Supply Chain Integration ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley

scholarly journals Shortage of essential antimicrobials: a major challenge to global health security

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e006961
Author(s):  
Nusrat Shafiq ◽  
Avaneesh Kumar Pandey ◽  
Samir Malhotra ◽  
Alison Holmes ◽  
Marc Mendelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Impact

The lack of access to safe and effective antimicrobials for human populations is a threat to global health security and a contributor to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The increasingly common shortages of antimicrobials are an additional threat to the emergence of AMR. While the threat of such drug shortages is most acutely experienced in low-income and middle-income settings, their consequences impact the quality and effectiveness of antimicrobials worldwide. Furthermore, there is a need for robustly conducted studies examining the impact of these increasingly prevalent shortages on patient outcomes and on the emergence and spread of AMR. In this review, we have mapped common drivers for antimicrobial shortages and propose strategies for rethinking the regulation, supply and pricing of antimicrobials to secure their sustainable access across diverse healthcare systems and to help minimise the unintended consequences of weak and ineffective supply chains. Greater government involvement in antimicrobial manufacture and supply is essential to ensure no one is left behind. Dedicated demand systems need to be developed for antimicrobials which take into consideration evolving AMR patterns, burden of diseases, pandemic events and supply and demand issues and facilitate implementation of strategies to address them. Interventions, ranging from advocacy and forecasting to public–private collaborations, new economic models and international consortia working across countries and supply chains, will help assure access to safe and effective antimicrobials to all populations around the globe and ensure that shortages no longer contribute to AMR.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document