Experimental equivalent cluster-size distributions in nanometric volumes of liquid water

2004 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grosswendt ◽  
L. De Nardo ◽  
P. Colautti ◽  
S. Pszona ◽  
V. Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Size Distributions

Infrared laser action on the spatial, velocity, and cluster-size distributions in an SF6 free jet

1984 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Melinon ◽  
R. Monot ◽  
J.-M. Zellweger ◽  
H. van den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Laser Action ◽  
Infrared Laser ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Free Jet ◽  
Spatial Velocity

scholarly journals Reflectivity and Liquid Water Content Vertical Decomposition Diagrams to Diagnose Vertical Evolution of Raindrop Size Distributions

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Vertical Decomposition ◽  
Air Motion ◽  
Raindrop Size ◽  
Microphysical Processes

AbstractThis study consists of two parts. The first part describes the way in which vertical air motions and raindrop size distributions (DSDs) were retrieved from 449-MHz and 2.835-GHz (UHF and S band) vertically pointing radars (VPRs) deployed side by side during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) held in northern Oklahoma. The 449-MHz VPR can measure both vertical air motion and raindrop motion. The S-band VPR can measure only raindrop motion. These differences in VPR sensitivities facilitates the identification of two peaks in 449-MHz VPR reflectivity-weighted Doppler velocity spectra and the retrieval of vertical air motion and DSD parameters from near the surface to just below the melting layer.The second part of this study used the retrieved DSD parameters to decompose reflectivity and liquid water content (LWC) into two terms, one representing number concentration and the other representing DSD shape. Reflectivity and LWC vertical decomposition diagrams (Z-VDDs and LWC-VDDs, respectively) are introduced to highlight interactions between raindrop number and DSD shape in the vertical column. Analysis of Z-VDDs provides indirect measure of microphysical processes through radar reflectivity. Analysis of LWC-VDDs provides direct investigation of microphysical processes in the vertical column, including net raindrop evaporation or accretion and net raindrop breakup or coalescence. During a stratiform rain event (20 May 2011), LWC-VDDs exhibited signatures of net evaporation and net raindrop coalescence as the raindrops fell a distance of 2 km under a well-defined radar bright band. The LWC-VDD is a tool to characterize rain microphysics with quantities related to number-controlled and size-controlled processes.

scholarly journals Theoretical investigation of mixing in warm clouds – Part 2: Homogeneous mixing

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 9255-9272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pinsky ◽  
Alexander Khain ◽  
Alexei Korolev ◽  
Leehi Magaritz-Ronen
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Conceptual Scheme ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Droplet Concentration ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Droplet Size Distributions ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Abstract. Evolution of monodisperse and polydisperse droplet size distributions (DSD) during homogeneous mixing is analyzed. Time-dependent universal analytical expressions for supersaturation and liquid water content are derived. For an initial monodisperse DSD, these quantities are shown to depend on a sole non-dimensional parameter. The evolution of moments and moment-related functions in the course of homogeneous evaporation of polydisperse DSD is analyzed using a parcel model.It is shown that the classic conceptual scheme, according to which homogeneous mixing leads to a decrease in droplet mass at constant droplet concentration, is valid only in cases of monodisperse or initially very narrow polydisperse DSD. In cases of wide polydisperse DSD, mixing and successive evaporation lead to a decrease of both mass and concentration, so the characteristic droplet sizes remain nearly constant. As this feature is typically associated with inhomogeneous mixing, we conclude that in cases of an initially wide DSD at cloud top, homogeneous mixing is nearly indistinguishable from inhomogeneous mixing.

Metal cluster size distributions during nozzle jet expansion

1986 ◽  
Vol 48 (17) ◽  
pp. 1122-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.‐N. Yang ◽  
T.‐M. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Size Distributions

scholarly journals The long-range convergence of the energetic properties of the water monomer in bulk water at room temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (31) ◽  
pp. 20941-20948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Davie ◽  
Peter I. Maxwell ◽  
Paul L. A. Popelier
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Energetic Properties ◽  
Maximum Cluster ◽  
Interacting Quantum Atoms

The Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) energy partitioning scheme has been applied to a set of liquid water largely spherical clusters (henceforth called spheres) of up to 9 Å radius, with a maximum cluster size of 113 molecules.

scholarly journals Large deviations for cluster size distributions in a continuous classical many-body system

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 930-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Jansen ◽  
Wolfgang König ◽  
Bernd Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Large Deviations ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Body System ◽  
Many Body
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