T39. IMPAIRED SENSORIMOTOR GATING USING THE ACOUSTIC PREPULSE INHIBITION PARADIGM IN INDIVIDUALS AT A CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS

Abstract Background Many robust studies on prepulse inhibition (PPI) were conducted in patients with schizophrenia, and, increasingly, evidence has indicated individuals who are at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). The specificity of the PPI is insufficient with the classic paradigm. The current study investigated an improved perceived spatial separation PPI (PSSPPI) paradigm in CHR individuals, compared with patients of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and healthy controls (HC), and the relationship between PPI, demographics, clinical characteristics, and cognitive performance. Methods We included 53 FESs, 55 CHR individuals, and 53 HCs. CHRs were rated on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). The prepulse inhibition measures of perceived spatial co-location PPI (PSCPPI) and PSSPPI paradigms were applied using 60- and 120-ms lead intervals. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess neurocognitive functions. Results Compared with HC, the CHR group had lower PSSPPI level (ISI=60 ms, P<0.001; ISI=120 ms, P<.001). PSSPPI showed a large effect size (ES) between CHR and HC (ISI=60 ms, ES=0.91; ISI=120 ms, ES=0.98); on PSSPPI using 60-ms lead interval, ES ranged from small to large from CHR to FES. PPI deficits in CHR were unrelated to demographics, clinical characteristics, and cognition. Discussion CHR individuals show a sensorimotor gating deficit similar to FES patients on PSSPPI of the startle response, with greater sensitivity than the classic PPI paradigm. PSSPPI appears a promising objective approach for identifying individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis related to a high risk of transition to schizophrenia.

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T37. PREPULSE INHIBITION IN UNAFFECTED SIBLINGS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA AND CLINICAL-HIGH RISK WITHOUT FAMILY HISTORY OF PSYCHOSIS

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.597 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S245-S246

Author(s):

Mao Zhen ◽

Qijing Bo ◽

Qing Tian ◽

Fang Dong ◽

Xianbin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

High Risk ◽

Prepulse Inhibition ◽

Spatial Separation ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Priority Effect ◽

Stimulus Interval ◽

Psychosis Risk ◽

History Of

Abstract Background It is reported that prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficiency of startle reflex in schizophrenia is associated with positive symptoms and is hereditary. In this study, the perceived spatial separation (PSS) induced-prepulse inhibition paradigm based on the priority effect effectively was used to explore PPI levels of genetically high-risk (GHR) of schizophrenia and clinical high risk (CHR) without family history of psychosis Methods We examined startle magnitude and PPI in38 CHR (No family history of psychosis), 28 GHR (Siblings or children of schizophrenia), and 44 healthy controls (HC). Modified acoustic PPI paradigm included PSS-PPI and perceived spatial co-location PPI (PSC-PPI) with inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 60 or 120ms. The Structured Interview for Psychosis risk Syndromes (SIPS) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to measure psychotic symptom and neuropsychological state of individuals Results Using gender, age, and smoking as covariates, Covariance analysis for modified PPI level results revealed that there were significant differences in PSSPPI60 (F = 6.25, p = 0.03) and PSSPI120 (F = 6.57, p = 0.03) paradigm between the three groups. Compared with HC, PSSPPI paradigm detected PPI defects of CHR individuals at 60ms ISI (F = 14.25, p ＜0.001) and 120ms ISI (F = 14.01, p ＜0.001). PPI deficiency was not detected in GHR individuals. PPI level in both groups were unrelated to demographics, clinical characteristics, and cognition. Using GLM analysis, the interaction between grouping and experimental paradigm had no significant effect on PPI level at 60ms (F = 1.88, P = 0.16) and 120ms (Z = 1.66, P = 0.19). Discussion It seems that mere heritability of psychosis is not enough to produce PPI defects, which may be related to the progression of psychosis

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T62. COMPARISON OF NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS, NON-PSYCHOTIC SIBLINGS, AND INDIVIDUALS AT CLINICAL HIGH-RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sby016.338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S138-S138

Author(s):

On Ki Chu ◽

Wing Chung Chang ◽

Hoi Ching Lee ◽

Suet In Chan ◽

Sanyin Chiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

First Episode ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Neurocognitive Functions ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

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Impaired Sensorimotor Gating Using the Acoustic Prepulse Inhibition Paradigm in Individuals at a Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa102 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qijing Bo ◽

Zhen Mao ◽

Qing Tian ◽

Ningbo Yang ◽

Xianbin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Prepulse Inhibition ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Structured Interview ◽

First Episode ◽

Enhancement Effect ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Stimulus Interval ◽

Cohen’S D ◽

Cohen's D

Abstract Many robust studies have investigated prepulse inhibition (PPI) in patients with schizophrenia. Recent evidence indicates that PPI may help identify individuals who are at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). Selective attention to prepulse stimulus can specifically enhance PPI in healthy subjects; however, this enhancement effect is not observed in patients with schizophrenia. Modified PPI measurement with selective attentional modulation using perceived spatial separation (PSS) condition may be a more robust and sensitive index of PPI impairment in CHR individuals. The current study investigated an improved PSSPPI condition in CHR individuals compared with patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and healthy controls (HC) and evaluated the accuracy of PPI in predicting CHR from HC. We included 53 FESs, 55 CHR individuals, and 53 HCs. CHRs were rated on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. The measures of perceived spatial co-location PPI (PSCPPI) and PSSPPI conditions were applied using 60- and 120-ms lead intervals. Compared with HC, the CHR group had lower PSSPPI level (Inter-stimulus interval [ISI] = 60 ms, P < .001; ISI = 120 ms, P < .001). PSSPPI showed an effect size (ES) between CHR and HC (ISI = 60 ms, Cohen’s d = 0.91; ISI = 120 ms, Cohen’s d = 0.98); on PSSPPI using 60-ms lead interval, ES grade increased from CHR to FES. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for PSSPPI was greater than that for PSCPPI. CHR individuals showed a PSSPPI deficit similar to FES, with greater ES and sensitivity. PSSPPI appears a promising objective approach for preliminary identification of CHR individuals.

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Reduced Frontal Glutamate + Glutamine and N-Acetylaspartate Levels in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia but not in Those at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis or With First-Episode Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbt124 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1128-1139 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Tatsunobu Natsubori ◽

Hideyuki Inoue ◽

Osamu Abe ◽

Yosuke Takano ◽

Norichika Iwashiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

First Episode ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

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From lumping to splitting and back again: Atypical social and language development in individuals with clinical-high-risk for psychosis, first episode schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 131 (1-3) ◽

pp. 146-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Marjorie Solomon ◽

Emily Olsen ◽

Tara Niendam ◽

J. Daniel Ragland ◽

Jong Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

High Risk ◽

Language Development ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

First Episode ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

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Comparison of cognitive functions between first-episode schizophrenia patients, their unaffected siblings and individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291718002726 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (11) ◽

pp. 1929-1936 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Angel On Ki Chu ◽

Wing Chung Chang ◽

Sherry Kit Wa Chan ◽

Edwin Ho Ming Lee ◽

Christy Lai Ming Hui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

High Risk ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Risk Groups ◽

First Episode ◽

Cognitive Tests ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Digit Symbol ◽

Clinical High Risk ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and has been observed in both familial (FHR) and clinical high-risk (CHR) samples. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of research directly contrasting cognitive profiles in these two high-risk states and first-episode schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare cognitive functions in patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (FES), their unaffected siblings (FHR), CHR individuals and healthy controls.MethodA standardized battery of cognitive assessments was administered to 69 FES patients, 71 help-seeking CHR individuals without family history of psychotic disorder, 50 FHR participants and 68 controls. FES and CHR participants were recruited from territory-wide early intervention service for psychosis in Hong Kong. CHR status was ascertained using Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State.ResultsAmong four groups, FES patients displayed the largest global cognitive impairment and had medium-to-large deficits across all cognitive tests relative to controls. CHR and FHR participants significantly underperformed in most cognitive tests than controls. Among various cognitive tests, digit symbol coding demonstrated the greatest magnitude of impairment in FES and CHR groups compared with controls. No significant difference between two high-risk groups was observed in global cognition and all individual cognitive tests except digit symbol coding which showed greater deficits in CHR than in FHR participants.ConclusionClinical and familial risk groups experienced largely comparable cognitive impairment that was intermediate between FES and controls. Digit symbol coding may have the greatest discriminant capacity in distinguishing FES and CHR from healthy controls, and between two high-risk samples.

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