scholarly journals T132. RETINAL GANGLION CELLS DYSFUNCTIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S280-S281
Author(s):  
Florent Bernadin ◽  
Thomas Schwitzer ◽  
Vincent Laprevote ◽  
Raymund Schwan
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Implicit Time ◽  
Clinical Electrophysiology ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Functional Responses

Abstract Background Structural and functional retinal anomalies are documented in neurologic, substance use and psychiatric disorders. In schizophrenia, flash electroretinogram (fERG) measures have revealed photoreceptors, bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) dysfunctions. To date, no study has explored RGC using a pattern electroretinogram (pERG) protocol as recommended by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards for RGC measurements. We aim to study retinal functional responses of the photoreceptors and RGC in schizophrenia patients in comparison with healthy controls. Methods fERG conducted in scotopic (dark-adapted 0.01 and dark-adapted 3.0 ERG) and photopic conditions (light-adapted 3.0 ERG) and pERG were recorded in schizophrenia patients (n=29) and healthy controls (n=29). PERG provides the measurements of 2 waves: the P50 wave which arises in RGC with a contribution of bipolar cells and relates to the spatial distribution and density of the RGC bodies and the N95 wave which represents ganglion cell activity. Results fERG results showed a decrease in the b-wave amplitude (t(51)=-3.4, p<.05, d=0.63) (dark-adapted 0.01 ERG), a-wave amplitude (t(48)=4.7, p<.001, d =1.33) (dark-adapted 3.0 ERG), b-wave amplitude (t(48)=-2.8, p<.005, d=0.78) (dark-adapted 3.0 ERG), a-wave amplitude (t(52)=2.8, p<.001, d=0.29) (light-adapted 3.0 ERG) in schizophrenia patients compared to controls. We found as well a significant decrease of the a-wave implicit time (t(52)=-2.5, p<.05, d =1.19) (light-adapted 3.0 ERG) in schizophrenia patients compared to controls. pERG results showed a significant increase of the P50 (t(55)=2.1, p<.05, d=0.55) and a significant increase of the N95 implicit time in schizophrenia patients compared with controls (t(55)=4.2; p<.001, d=0.66). Discussion Our results replicate previous findings regarding photoreceptors and bipolar cells dysfunction in schizophrenia patients. pERG results demonstrate a delay in transmission of action potentials by the ganglion cells along the visual pathway via the optic nerve and the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex in schizophrenia patients which could support alterations in cerebral visual processing in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Blurring the Boundaries of Vision: Novel Functions of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. JEN.S11267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Matynia
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Cone Photoreceptors ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rod And Cone Photoreceptors

Mammalian vision consists of the classic image-forming pathway involving rod and cone photoreceptors interacting through a neural network within the retina before sending signals to the brain, and a non image-forming pathway that uses a photosensitive cell employing an alternative and evolutionary ancient phototransduction system and a direct connection to various centers in the brain. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) contain the photopigment melanopsin, which is independently capable of photon detection while also receiving synaptic input from rod and cone photoreceptors via bipolar cells. These cells are the retinal sentry for subconscious visual processing that controls circadian photoentrainment and the pupillary light reflex. Classified as irradiance detectors, recent investigations have led to expanding roles for this specific cell type and its own neural pathways, some of which are blurring the boundaries between image-forming and non image-forming visual processes.

scholarly journals Synaptic circuits for irradiance coding by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Sabbah ◽  
Carin Papendorp ◽  
Elizabeth Koplas ◽  
Marjo Beltoja ◽  
Cameron Etebari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Synaptic Circuits ◽  
Ribbon Synapses ◽  
High Pass ◽  
Excitatory Drive ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

SummaryWe have explored the synaptic networks responsible for the unique capacity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) to encode overall light intensity. This luminance signal is crucial for circadian, pupillary and related reflexive responses light. By combined glutamate-sensor imaging and patch recording of postsynaptic RGCs, we show that the capacity for intensity-encoding is widespread among cone bipolar types, including OFF types.Nonetheless, the bipolar cells that drive ipRGCs appear to carry the strongest luminance signal. By serial electron microscopic reconstruction, we show that Type 6 ON cone bipolar cells are the dominant source of such input, with more modest input from Types 7, 8 and 9 and virtually none from Types 5i, 5o, 5t or rod bipolar cells. In conventional RGCs, the excitatory drive from bipolar cells is high-pass temporally filtered more than it is in ipRGCs. Amacrine-to-bipolar cell feedback seems to contribute surprisingly little to this filtering, implicating mostly postsynaptic mechanisms. Most ipRGCs sample from all bipolar terminals costratifying with their dendrites, but M1 cells avoid all OFF bipolar input and accept only ectopic ribbon synapses from ON cone bipolar axonal shafts. These are remarkable monad synapses, equipped with as many as a dozen ribbons and only one postsynaptic process.

scholarly journals Mouse dLGN receives input from a diverse population of retinal ganglion cells with limited convergence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Román Rosón ◽  
Yannik Bauer ◽  
Philipp Berens ◽  
Thomas Euler ◽  
Laura Busse
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Relay Station ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
High Degree

SUMMARYIn the mouse, the parallel output of more than 30 functional types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) serves as the basis for all further visual processing. Little is known about how the representation of visual information changes between the retina and the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus, the main relay station between the retina and cortex. Here, we functionally characterized responses of retrogradely labeled dLGN-projecting RGCs and dLGN neurons to the same set of visual stimuli. We found that many of the previously identified functional RGC types innervate the dLGN, which maintained a high degree of functional diversity. Using a linear model to assess functional connectivity between RGC types and dLGN neurons, we found that the responses of dLGN neurons could be predicted as a linear combination of inputs from on average five RGC types, but only two of those had the strongest functional impact. Thus, mouse dLGN receives input from a diverse population of RGCs with limited functional convergence.

scholarly journals Synaptic inputs from identified bipolar and amacrine cells to a sparsely branched ganglion cell in rabbit retina

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea S. Bordt ◽  
Diego Perez ◽  
Luke Tseng ◽  
Weiley Sunny Liu ◽  
Jay Neitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Rabbit Retina ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Class Iv

AbstractThere are more than 30 distinct types of mammalian retinal ganglion cells, each sensitive to different features of the visual environment. In rabbit retina, they can be grouped into four classes according to their morphology and stratification of their dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The goal of this study was to describe the synaptic inputs to one type of Class IV ganglion cell, the third member of the sparsely branched Class IV cells (SB3). One cell of this type was partially reconstructed in a retinal connectome developed using automated transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). It had slender, relatively straight dendrites that ramify in the sublamina a of the IPL. The dendrites of the SB3 cell were always postsynaptic in the IPL, supporting its identity as a ganglion cell. It received 29% of its input from bipolar cells, a value in the middle of the range for rabbit retinal ganglion cells studied previously. The SB3 cell typically received only one synapse per bipolar cell from multiple types of presumed OFF bipolar cells; reciprocal synapses from amacrine cells at the dyad synapses were infrequent. In a few instances, the bipolar cells presynaptic to the SB3 ganglion cell also provided input to an amacrine cell presynaptic to the ganglion cell. There was apparently no crossover inhibition from narrow-field ON amacrine cells. Most of the amacrine cell inputs were from axons and dendrites of GABAergic amacrine cells, likely providing inhibitory input from outside the classical receptive field.

scholarly journals Analysis of Parainflammation in Chronic Glaucoma Using Vitreous-OCT Imaging

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1792
Author(s):  
María Jesús Rodrigo ◽  
Manuel Subías ◽  
Alberto Montolío ◽  
Silvia Méndez-Martínez ◽  
Teresa Martínez-Rincón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Vitreous Opacities ◽  
Oct Imaging

Glaucoma causes blindness due to the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells. The immune response chronically and subclinically mediates a homeostatic role. In current clinical practice, it is impossible to analyse neuroinflammation non-invasively. However, analysis of vitreous images using optical coherence tomography detects the immune response as hyperreflective opacities. This study monitors vitreous parainflammation in two animal models of glaucoma, comparing both healthy controls and sexes over six months. Computational analysis characterizes in vivo the hyperreflective opacities, identified histologically as hyalocyte-like Iba-1+ (microglial marker) cells. Glaucomatous eyes showed greater intensity and number of vitreous opacities as well as dynamic fluctuations in the percentage of activated cells (50–250 microns2) vs. non-activated cells (10–50 microns2), isolated cells (10 microns2) and complexes (>250 microns2). Smaller opacities (isolated cells) showed the highest mean intensity (intracellular machinery), were the most rounded at earlier stages (recruitment) and showed the greatest change in orientation (motility). Study of vitreous parainflammation could be a biomarker of glaucoma onset and progression.

Contributions of Retinal Ganglion Cells to Subcortical Visual Processing and Behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onkar S. Dhande ◽  
Benjamin K. Stafford ◽  
Jung-Hwan A. Lim ◽  
Andrew D. Huberman
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
And Behaviors
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