166. Affected Anatomical Rich Club Core and Structural–Functional Integration in Young Offspring of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Patients

Accumulating studies demonstrate emotional and cognitive dysregulation in the euthymic period of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). However, the relative contribution of functional integration in human brain to disturbed emotion and cognitive function in the euthymic PBD patients remains unclear. In this study, 16 euthymic PBD patients and 16 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A data-driven functional connectivity analysis was used to investigate functional connectivity changes of the euthymic PBD. Compared with healthy controls, the euthymic PBD exhibited greater global functional connectivity density in the left anterior insula and lower global functional connectivity density in the right temporoparietal junction, the left angular gyrus, and the bilateral occipital lobule. A distant functional connectivity analysis demonstrated altered integration within the salience and default mode networks in euthymic PBD. Correlation analysis found that altered functional connectivity of the salience network was related to the reduced performance in the backward digit span test, and altered functional connectivity of the default mode network was related to the Young Mania Rating Scale in euthymic PBD patients. Our findings indicated that disturbed functional integration in salience and default mode networks might shed light on the physiopathology associated with emotional and cognitive dysregulation in PBD.

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Shared Neurocognitive Dysfunctions in Young Offspring at Extreme Risk for Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder in Eastern Quebec Multigenerational Families

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbn058 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 919-930 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

M. Maziade ◽

N. Rouleau ◽

N. Gingras ◽

P. Boutin ◽

M.-E. Paradis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Multigenerational Families ◽

Extreme Risk ◽

Young Offspring ◽

Neurocognitive Dysfunctions

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The modulation of neural gain facilitates a transition between functional segregation and integration in the brain

10.1101/182444 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

James M. Shine ◽

Matthew J. Aburn ◽

Michael Breakspear ◽

Russell A. Poldrack

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Functional Integration ◽

Integrated Network ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Context Sensitive ◽

Rich Club ◽

Network Transition ◽

Global Fluctuations ◽

Neural Gain ◽

The Brain

AbstractCognitive function relies on a dynamic, context-sensitive balance between functional integration and segregation in the brain. Previous work has proposed that this balance is mediated by global fluctuations in neural gain by projections from ascending neuromodulatory nuclei. To test this hypothesis in silico, we studied the effects of neural gain on network dynamics in a model of large-scale neuronal dynamics. We found that increases in neural gain pushed the network through an abrupt dynamical transition, leading to an integrated network topology that was maximal in frontoparietal ‘rich club’ regions. This gain-mediated transition was also associated with increased topological complexity, as well as increased variability in time-resolved topological structure, further highlighting the potential computational benefits of the gain-mediated network transition. These results support the hypothesis that neural gain modulation has the computational capacity to mediate the balance between integration and segregation in the brain.

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The rich club of the brain in bipolar disorder

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/conf.fnhum.2015.217.00272 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lord Anton ◽

Roberts Gloria ◽

Breakspear Michael ◽

Mitchell Phillip

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Rich Club ◽

The Rich ◽

The Brain

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Task-related effective connectivity reveals that the cortical rich club gates cortex-wide communication

10.1101/185603 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mario Senden ◽

Niels Reuter ◽

Martijn P. van den Heuvel ◽

Rainer Goebel ◽

Gustavo Deco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Exchange ◽

Effective Connectivity ◽

Functional Integration ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Rich Club ◽

State Dependent ◽

Gating Mechanism ◽

The Rich ◽

Cortical Regions ◽

Peripheral Regions

AbstractHigher cognition may require the globally coordinated integration of specialized brain regions into functional networks. A collection of structural cortical hubs - referred to as the rich club - has been hypothesized to support task-specific functional integration. In the present paper, we use a whole-cortex model to estimate directed interactions between 68 cortical regions from fMRI activity for four different tasks (reflecting different cognitive domains) and resting state. We analyze the state-dependent input and output effective connectivity of the structural rich club and relate these to whole-cortex dynamics and network reconfigurations. We find that the cortical rich club exhibits an increase in outgoing effective connectivity during task performance as compared to rest while incoming connectivity remains constant. Increased outgoing connectivity targets a sparse set of peripheral regions with specific regions strongly overlapping between tasks. At the same time, community detection analyses reveal massive reorganizations of interactions among peripheral regions, including those serving as target of increased rich club output. This suggests that while peripheral regions may play a role in several tasks, their concrete interplay might nonetheless be task-specific. Furthermore, we observe that whole-cortex dynamics are faster during task as compared to rest. The decoupling effects usually accompanying faster dynamics appear to be counteracted by the increased rich club outgoing effective connectivity. Together our findings speak to a gating mechanism of the rich club that supports fast-paced information exchange among relevant peripheral regions in a task-specific and goal-directed fashion, while constantly listening to the whole network.

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