scholarly journals O3.6. DEFICITS IN CONTEXT-DEPENDENT ADAPTIVE CODING IN EARLY PSYCHOSIS AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WITH SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY TRAITS

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S81-S81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
Amelie Haugg ◽  
Andrei Manoliu ◽  
Erich Seifritz ◽  
Philippe N Tobler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Adaptive Coding ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Context Dependent

scholarly journals Deficits in context-dependent adaptive coding in early psychosis and healthy individuals with schizotypal personality traits

Brain ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 2806-2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
Amelie Haugg ◽  
Andrei Manoliu ◽  
Joe J Simon ◽  
Quentin J M Huys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Adaptive Coding ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Right

Abstract Adaptive coding of information is a fundamental principle of brain functioning. It allows for efficient representation over a large range of inputs and thereby alleviates the limited coding range of neurons. In the present study, we investigated for the first time potential alterations in context-dependent reward adaptation and its association with symptom dimensions in the schizophrenia spectrum. We studied 27 patients with first-episode psychosis, 26 individuals with schizotypal personality traits and 25 healthy controls. We used functional MRI in combination with a variant of the monetary incentive delay task and assessed adaptive reward coding in two reward conditions with different reward ranges. Compared to healthy controls, patients with first-episode psychosis and healthy individuals with schizotypal personality traits showed a deficit in increasing the blood oxygen level-dependent response slope in the right caudate for the low reward range compared to the high reward range. In other words, the two groups showed inefficient neural adaptation to the current reward context. In addition, we found impaired adaptive coding of reward in the caudate nucleus and putamen to be associated with total symptom severity across the schizophrenia spectrum. Symptom severity was more strongly associated with neural deficits in adaptive coding than with the neural coding of absolute reward outcomes. Deficits in adaptive coding were prominent across the schizophrenia spectrum and even detectable in unmedicated (healthy) individuals with schizotypal personality traits. Furthermore, the association between total symptom severity and impaired adaptive coding in the right caudate and putamen suggests a dimensional mechanism underlying imprecise neural adaptation. Our findings support the idea that impaired adaptive coding may be a general information-processing deficit explaining disturbances within the schizophrenia spectrum over and above a simple model of blunted absolute reward signals.

scholarly journals Ventral Striatal Dysfunction and Symptom Expression in Individuals With Schizotypal Personality Traits and Early Psychosis

2016 ◽  
pp. sbw142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
Oliver M. Hager ◽  
Larissa Muff ◽  
Martin Bischof ◽  
Matthias N. Hartmann-Riemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Schizotypal Personality

scholarly journals Does variation in trait schizotypy and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol? A mega-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112095960
Author(s):  
Abigail M Freeman ◽  
Claire Mokrysz ◽  
Chandni Hindocha ◽  
Will Lawn ◽  
Celia JA Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Psychotomimetic Effects

Background: While the acute effects of cannabis are relatively benign for most users, some individuals experience significant adverse effects. This study aimed to identify whether variation in schizotypal personality traits and frequency of cannabis use influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Methods: Individual participant data from four double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, acute crossover studies involving 128 cannabis users were combined for a mega-analysis. Using multilevel linear models and moderation analyses, frequency of cannabis use and schizotypal personality traits were investigated as potential moderators of the subjective, cognitive and psychotomimetic effects of acute THC. Results: There was evidence of a moderating effect where increased frequency of cannabis use was associated with reduced intensity of subjective (changes in alertness and feeling stoned) and psychosis-like effects following THC when compared with placebo. Moderating effects of cannabis use frequency on acute memory impairment were weak. Trait schizotypy did not moderate the acute psychosis-like effects of THC compared with placebo. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a pattern of domain-specific tolerance develops to the acute effects of THC. Tolerance to the alertness-reducing effects occurred more readily than tolerance to psychotomimetic effects. Only partial tolerance to feeling stoned was found, and there was weak evidence for tolerance to memory impairment. Trait schizotypy did not moderate THC’s effects on psychotomimetic symptoms.

Schizotypal personality traits and deception: The role of self-awareness

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson L Barnacz ◽  
Amanda Johnson ◽  
Paul Constantino ◽  
Julian Paul Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Schizotypal Personality
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