Features of volitional self-regulation of convicts preparing for parole

Modern society is characterized by a large number of emergencies or situations, under the influence of which a person activates special mechanisms that help not only adapt in society, but also adapt to any situation that has arisen, often a conflict-gene. One of the internal resources that allows a person to overcome difficult, stressful situations in modern society is the volitional sphere of the personality. It seems that the study of the volitional sphere of convicts can become the basis for psychological support of convicts to imprisonment at all stages of serving their sentences, contribute to the development and implementation of effective programs to prepare for parole. The purpose of the study was to study the features of the volitional sphere of convicts preparing for parole. According to the results of the study, it was possible to establish that convicts preparing for parole, serving sentences in a strict regime colony to a greater extent, are characterized by a superficial attitude to affairs, a tendency to take thoughtless risks, weak volitional processes, unwillingness to apply physical and mental efforts, emotional instability and severe anxiety, which probably increases the likelihood of committing repeated crimes. At the same time, convicts preparing for parole, serving sentences in a settlement colony, are largely characterized by the ability to control their emotions and show initiative and perseverance when making a responsible decision. It seems that, to a sufficient degree, self-confidence frees from the fear of the unknown, increases the readiness to accept the new, the unexpected, and, as a rule, is combined with freedom of opinion, a tendency to innovation.

Characteristics of Invisible Discrimination and Diversity in Students of a Public University

This article has to relate invisible discrimination with diversity in students in university classrooms, whose variable is invisible in nature, with tendencies to distort objective reality, thus causing discriminated young people to have socio-emotional instability in their lives. Quantitative, descriptive correlational study and due to the sensitivity of the subject, a non-probabilistic sample was taken for convenience of 290 students from the different academic programs; The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, the results were found using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, which indicates that there is a partial relationship between diversity and invisible discrimination (p = 0.45).

Relationship of personal factors and hardiness in students

Problem and purpose. The issue of resilience is very urgent today. Rapid social, economic, political changes in society, the speed of technical and technological changes affect the psychological health of a person, provoking stress, neuroses, inappropriate behavior, depressive states. The study of the relationship of resilience and its components with personality traits will serve as the basis for creating programs for the development of resilience, through the formation of personal characteristics of students necessary for harmonious development and professional self-realization in society. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the relationship between personality traits and resilience in students. Materials and methods. The study involved 50 students between the ages of 20 and 25 of The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. The study was conducted from October to December 2020 (during the COVID-19 Pandemic) and was carried out remotely. using a Google form. The following methods were used in the study: Hardiness Survey (Hardiness Survey, S. Maddy), 5PFQ personality questionnaire, Multifactorial personality questionnaire 16PF R. Cattell, T.V. Kornilova New questionnaire uncertainty tolerance. To process the data obtained, methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis were used; descriptive statistics methods, r-Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results. The results of a theoretical and empirical study of hardiness and its relationship with personal factors in students of a pedagogical university are presented. Statistical data are presented, on the basis of which the relationship of hardiness and its components with communicative, intellectual, emotional and regulatory properties of a person is revealed. The study revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between the scale "Resilience" and such indicators of the Multifactorial Personality Questionnaire 16PF as factor A: "isolation-sociability" (r = 0.28; p≤0.05), factor C: "emotional instability-emotional stability "(r = 0.64; p≤0.05), and etc. Conclusion. It was found that hardiness and its components are positively associated with communicative factors (sociability, courage, that is, the activity of social communication, gullibility, plasticity and dominance in social contacts), intellectual factors (plasticity, radicalism, curiosity, that is, flexibility and efficiency of thinking), emotional factors (emotional stability, restraint, calmness and relaxation, expressiveness, that is, expressiveness, sensitivity) and regulatory factors (self-control, responsibility). The solution to the research problem is proposed in the form of creating and implementing a practice-oriented program for the development of hardiness in students.

An Investigation into the Self-Handicapping Behaviors in Terms of Academic Procrastination

Academic procrastination in completing tasks often occurs in students. If left unchecked, it will affect emotional instability, attitudes, and daily behavior. One of the reasons behind it is the threat of self-esteem and self-image. Among the individual attitudes of emotional evasion and threatening self-esteem and self-image is self-handicapping. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-handicapping and academic procrastination in UIN Imam Bonjol Padang students. The research instrument used a self-handicapping scale and an academic procrastination scale. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis technique. The results showed a significant number of 0.234 (p0.05), meaning no relationship between self-handicapping and academic procrastination in UIN Imam Bonjol Padang students.

Autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy: dual diagnosis and therapeutic strategies (literature review)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by significant genetic and clinical polymorphism, comorbidity with neurological and mental disorders. In children with ASD, hotbeds of epileptiform and specific epileptic activity are often registered on the electroencephalogram (EEG), which have a causal relationship with behavioral and emotional disorders. The presence of specific epileptic activity on the EEG, impaired social reciprocity and repetitive behavior may be manifestations of a single pathological process, that results in developmental disorder. The course of ASD can be complicated by epileptic seizures, in particular with the use of neurometabolic drugs. According to the results of some controlled studies, antiepileptic drugs (AED) have shown their effectiveness in the treatment of mental disorders in ASD, including emotional instability, irritability, inhibition of movement. AED which stimulate neurotransmission of γ-aminobutyric acid, are more effective in ASD than blockers of the glutamatergic system. Thymoisoleptic properties of some AED, in particular carbamazepine, valproate acid, lamotrigine in some controlled studies have shown efficacy in the regulation of mood disorders in both children with ASD and children with epilepsy. With the use of carbamazepine, topiramate in children with ASD, there may be impaired attention and cognitive activity; deterioration of attention may be accompanied by increased hyperactivity, impulsivity, motor deceleration. The use of AEDs should be expected to increase the frequency and severity of side effects, including cognitive impairment, motor development, which may lead to impaired general functioning and premature disability, even with seizure control. Specific data on alternative treatments for ASD with seizures such as diet (ketogenic, modified Atkins) are discussed.

Common Features in Compulsive Sexual Behavior, Substance Use Disorders, Personality, Temperament and Attachment—A Narrative Review

Do addictions share common traits of an “addictive personality” or do different addictions have distinct personality profiles? This narrative review examines the differences in the associations between substance use disorder (SUD) and compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), on the one hand, and personality traits, attachment dispositions, and temperament, on the other hand. We found that both people with a SUD and people with CSBD tended to be more spontaneous, careless, and less reliable, to place self-interest above getting along with others, to show emotional instability and experience negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, and/or depression, to be less able to control their attention and/or behavior, and to be engulfed with a constant sensation of “wanting”. Only people with CSBD, but not SUD, noted concerns with their social ties, fear of losing close others, and/or trusting others around them. Results also suggested that people with a SUD and people with CSBD share high commonalities in personality traits and temperament, yet there are noted differences in their social tendencies, especially with close others. People with CSBD reported more concerns with possible relationship losses compared to people with SUD issues, who may be more worried about losing their source of escapism.

When and for whom do psychodynamic therapists use guided imagery? Explicating practitioners’ tacit knowledge

Guided imagery psychotherapy (GIP) is an established therapeutic method using creative mental imagery within a psychodynamic frame of reference. Although there is evidence for the method’s general effectiveness, it is yet unclear under which conditions and for which patients it should be used. The aim of this study was therefore to empirically identify indication criteria for the use of guided affective imagery (GAI) as part of psychodynamic therapies. We conducted semi-structured interviews with N=15 psychodynamic therapists also qualified as GAI training therapists. We asked them to recollect cases in which they had decided either for or against the use of imagery. The therapists described a complex interplay of different factors. Using grounded theory coding supplemented by elements of Consensual Qualitative Research we reconstructed from their accounts a sequential model of their indicative decisions. First, there is a consideration of clear contraindications related to reality testing and destructiveness. Second, there are aspects requiring a modified application of GAI such as emotional instability and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. In a final step, there are a number of characteristics of the patient, the therapist, the therapeutic relationship, the patients’ initial imagery and different therapeutic goals and foci which are weighed relatively to each other in order for therapists to reach an indication decision. We end by discussing ways in which the indicative decision model may be used to improve GAI training as well as the method’s differential efficacy and effectiveness.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY IN ADOLESCENTS

The article presents an overview of the problem of the affective sphere of adolescents on both theoretical and empirical levels. Its relevance and, at the same time, the prospect for further research is justified. It was revealed that the emotional life of persons of pubertal period is differently disclosed in the scientific heritage of foreign scientists, but insufficiently covered in the domestic. Correlations between the emotional experiences of adolescents and their relationships with parents, peers; gender identity; eating disorders, etc., were established. Against the background of emphasizing the influence of various external psychological factors in the life of an adolescent, the topic of the intrapersonal, psychological potential of persons of this age remains open. Taking into account the topicality of the problem of emotional instability of teenagers, we aimed to find out in detail, from an empirical point of view, the internal psychological reasons of this phenomenon. For this purpose, the ascertaining experiment was carried out which involved 300 pupils of 6-7 and 8-9 forms of the general secondary educational institutions of the Ternopil region (Berezhanska Secondary School № 1 and Berezhanska Secondary School № 2). Respondents were offered specific, according to the formulated scientific problem, a package of psychodiagnostic techniques, directed to the research of features of the level of manifestation as well as categories of hypothetical factors of emotional stability of adolescents. The next stage of the study involved processing the data by factor analysis using the capabilities of Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21 software. As a result, 10 psychological factors that cause emotional instability in adolescents were identified. Among them: imbalance of self-esteem and personal abilities, personal insecurity compensated by self-control, low resistance to stress, impulsiveness against insecurity, dissonance in the assessment of one's own self, motivational polarity, emotional uncertainty, public insecurity, uncertainty in own abilities, confident behavior. The prospect of our study is the development and practical implementation of social psychological training as a means of correcting dysregulation of the affective sphere of personality and the development of their emotional stability.

Humanization Trends Pertaining to the Correction and Physical Rehabilitation of Children with Developmental Disabilities

В статье рассматриваются тенденции гуманизации в специальной педагогике и психологии, физической реабилитации детей с нарушениями развития. По мнению авторов, в силу социокультурных и исторических предпосылок в России тенденция гуманизации процесса их физической реабилитации только зарождается в исторической перспективе, но является неизбежной и будет развиваться. Цель исследования состояла в изучении этих тенденций для их последующей аппроксимации в процессе физической реабилитации детей с нарушениями развития. Актуальность рассматриваемой в статье проблемы обусловлена необходимостью учета во время проведения реабилитационных мероприятий неоднородного психоэмоционального состояния детей с нарушениями развития и широкого спектра последствий, включая психотравмы и физические увечья детей и травмирующие переживания родителей. Рассмотрение методик работы с детьми, имеющими нарушения в развитии, проходило через систему координат, которая базируется на философской антитезе целей и средств. Эта антитеза позволяет более структурно представить учет психоэмоционального состояния в процессе реабилитационных мероприятий и потенциальную пользу, что составляет научную новизну работы. The article deals with humanization trends in special pedagogy and psychology pertaining to the physical rehabilitation of children with developmental disabilities. The authors maintain that in Russia due to sociocultural and historical prerequisites, humanization trends pertaining to the physical rehabilitation of children with developmental disabilities are a recent phenomenon which will undoubtedly provide stimulus for new developments. The aim of the research is to investigate the humanization trends and their relation to the physical rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders. The relevance of the investigated issue is accounted for by the fact that during rehabilitation procedures it is necessary to take into account the emotional instability of disabled children resulting in psychological trauma and physical impairments in children and depression and anxiety in parents. The rehabilitation procedures for children with developmental disabilities should be viewed in relationship to the means and the end goals. Relying on the antithetical principle of means and ends, one can better monitor disabled children’s emotional state, promote their physical rehabilitation, which accounts for the novelty of the research.